Temporal progress of roselle ( Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) leaf and calyx spot disease ( Corynespora cassiicola ) in Guerrer
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Temporal progress of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) leaf and calyx spot disease (Corynespora cassiicola) in Guerrero, Mexico Santo Ángel Ortega-Acosta 1 & José Antonio Mora-Aguilera 1 & Ciro Velasco-Cruz 2 & Daniel Leobardo Ochoa-Martínez 1 & Santos Gerardo Leyva-Mir 3 & Javier Hernández-Morales 1 Received: 24 October 2019 / Accepted: 1 April 2020 # Società Italiana di Patologia Vegetale (S.I.Pa.V.) 2020
Abstract Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) leaf and calyx spot induced by Corynespora cassiicola is one of the most important diseases that limit production, processing, and commercial use of this crop. The temporal progress of this disease was followed in four production locations in Guerrero, Mexico, during the 2014 and 2015 cycles. Disease incidence and severity were evaluated every 10 days through the 173-day production cycles. Epidemics were evaluated using the area under disease progress curves (AUDPCs) and Weibull model parameters. The highest severity and epidemic rate in calyces and leaves was registered in San Miguel, while the lowest was recorded in Xalpatlahuac in both cycles. Disease incidence in calyces was lower in Xalpatlahuac during both evaluation cycles and in leaves only in the 2015 cycle. The Weibull model properly described the epidemics (r = 0.93–0.99). The highest periods of epidemic growth in leaves were registered during flowering, development of calyces and foliar senescence; and in calyces during their physiological maturation and harvest. Severity on leaves and calyces was correlated with temperature from 20 to 30 °C (r = 0.80–1.0) and relative humidity higher than 90% (r = 0.80–1.0) (p < 0.05). The calyces severity was related to the leaves severity (r = 0.90–0.97) (p < 0.01). Keywords Correlative analysis . Corynespora cassiicola . Epidemiology . Incidence . Severity
Introduction Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is an important crop worldwide, and it is estimated that 15,000 metric tons are marketed internationally each year, where the main importers are Germany and the United States of America (Khattak et al. 2016). It is extensively grown in China, Thailand, Sudan and Mexico (Da-Costa-Rocha et al. 2014). In Mexico, about 20,000 ha are devoted to this crop and more than 70% of roselle production is located in Guerrero state (SIAP 2016). Ninety-five percent of roselle consumption is in the form of dehydrated calyces (Sumaya et al. 2014). Leaf and calyx spot, caused by * Javier Hernández-Morales [email protected] 1
Colegio de Postgraduados, Fitosanidad-Fitopatología, Texcoco, Estado de México, Mexico
2
Colegio de Postgraduados, Estadística, Texcoco, Estado de México, Mexico
3
Departamento de Parasitología Agrícola, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco, Estado de México, Mexico
Corynespora cassiicola (Ortega-Acosta et al. 2015; Poltronieri et al. 2012; Silva et al. 2014), can cause total loss of the production of this crop. In Guerrero, Mexico, this disease has increased economic importance (Ortega-Acosta et al. 2015). Infected calyces usually show circular nec
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