Identification of human and mouse CatSper3 and CatSper4 genes: Characterisation of a common interaction domain and evide
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Identification of human and mouse CatSper3 and CatSper4 genes: Characterisation of a common interaction domain and evidence for expression in testis Anna Lobley1,2, Valerie Pierron3, Lindsey Reynolds3, Liz Allen3 and David Michalovich*1 Address: 1Target Discovery, Inpharmatica Ltd, 60 Charlotte Street, London W1T 2NU, UK, 2Discovery Informatics Inpharmatica Ltd, 60 Charlotte Street, London W1T 2NU, UK and 3Discovery Biology, Inpharmatica Ltd, 60 Charlotte Street, London W1T 2NU, UK Email: Anna Lobley - [email protected]; Valerie Pierron - [email protected]; Lindsey Reynolds - [email protected]; Liz Allen - [email protected]; David Michalovich* - [email protected] * Corresponding author
Published: 01 August 2003 Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 2003, 1:53
Received: 01 July 2003 Accepted: 01 August 2003
This article is available from: http://www.RBEj.com/content/1/1/53 © 2003 Lobley et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original URL.
Abstract Background: CatSper1 and CatSper2 are two recently identified channel-like proteins, which show sperm specific expression patterns. Through targeted mutagenesis in the mouse, CatSper1 has been shown to be required for fertility, sperm motility and for cAMP induced Ca2+ current in sperm. Both channels resemble a single pore forming repeat from a four repeat voltage dependent Ca2+ /Na+ channel. However, neither CatSper1 or CatSper2 have been shown to function as cation channels when transfected into cells, singly or in conjunction. As the pore forming units of voltage gated cation channels form a tetramer it has been suggested that the known CatSper proteins require additional subunits and/or interaction partners to function. Results: Using in silico gene identification and prediction techniques, we have identified two further members of the CatSper family, CatSper3 and Catsper4. Each carries a single channel-forming domain with the predicted pore-loop containing the consensus sequence T×D×W. Each of the new CatSper genes has evidence for expression in the testis. Furthermore we identified coiled-coil protein-protein interaction domains in the C-terminal tails of each of the CatSper channels, implying that CatSper channels 1,2,3 and 4 may interact directly or indirectly to form a functional tetramer. Conclusions: The topological and sequence relationship of CatSper1 and CatSper2 to the four repeat Ca2+ /Na+ channels suggested other members of this family may exist. We have identified a further two novel CatSper genes, conserved in both the human and mouse genomes. Furthermore, all four of the CatSper proteins are predicted to contain a common coiled-coil protein-protein interaction domain in their C-terminal tail. Coupled with expression data this leads to the hypothesis that the CatSper protein
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