Identified IGSF9 association with prognosis and hypoxia in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by bioinformatics analysis
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PRIMARY RESEARCH
Cancer Cell International Open Access
Identified IGSF9 association with prognosis and hypoxia in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by bioinformatics analysis Donglan Huang1† , Qianqian Liu1,2†, Weijun Zhang1†, Chunyue Huang1, Ronghui Zheng1, Guofeng Xie1, Hongmei Wang1, Baochang Jia1, Jianjun Shi1, Yawei Yuan1* and Min Deng1*
Abstract Background: Despite improvements in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treatment, patients with recurrence and metastasis still have a poor prognosis. Thus, the identification of novel biomarkers is urgently needed to predict outcomes and tailor treatment for NPC. Methods: Four data sets were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus, and one data set GSE68799 of which was applied to filtrate key modules and hub genes by construction of a co-expression network. Other data sets (GSE12452 and GSE53819) were used to verify hub genes. The data set GSE102349 was devoted to identify prognostic hub genes by survival analysis. To explored whether prognostic hub genes are related to hypoxia signatures in NPC, correlation analysis was carried out, and followed by functional verification experiments of those genes in vitro. Results: By co-expression network analysis, blue module was regarded as a key module in the benign and malignant group, and IGSF9 of the blue module was identified as a prognostic hub gene. Moreover, IGSF9 is expected to be a innovative hypoxia-related gene in NPC based on the strong associativity between expression of IGSF9 and hypoxia scores of three signatures (99-gene, 26-gene and 15-gene). Further functional studies verified that down-regulated expression of IGSF9 could reduce the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of NPC cells, and hypoxia could induce the expression of IGSF9. Conclusion: IGSF9 was identified to be relevant to prognosis and involved in hypoxia in NPC. IGSF9 might serve as one novel prognostic indicator of NPC in the future. Keywords: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Bioinformatics analysis, IGSF9, Prognosis, Hypoxia Background Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) can be found most frequently in southern China and southeast Asian countries. According to the global cancer statistics of 2018, it was estimated that there were 129,079 new NPC cases *Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] † Donglan Huang, Qianqian Liu and Weijun Zhang contributed equally to this work 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Cancer Research, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
and 72,987 deaths that year [1]. Despite improved treatment for NPC patients, especially concurrent chemoradiation therapy combined with adjuvant chemotherapy, those patients with recurrence and metastasis still have worse overall survival [2]. Tumor-node-metastasis staging system can provide an effective prognostic prediction for NPC patients [3]. However, this factor fails to be accurate enough for evaluating the survival outcomes. It is wel
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