If phenolic compounds in the soil with buckwheat residues affect the emergence and growth of weed seedlings?
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
If phenolic compounds in the soil with buckwheat residues affect the emergence and growth of weed seedlings? Magdalena Szwed1 · Joanna Mitrus1 · Wiesław Wiczkowski2 · Henryk Dębski1 · Marcin Horbowicz1 Received: 28 January 2020 / Revised: 3 September 2020 / Accepted: 8 September 2020 / Published online: 14 September 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract This study was conducted to determine if common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) residues affect a phenolics composition in soil, and are effective for limiting emergence, growth and metabolic changes in barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.), wild oat (Avena fatua L.), yellow foxtail (Setaria pumila Schult.), silky windgrass (Apera spica-venti L.), catchweed bedstraw (Galium aparine L.), scentless mayweed (Matricaria inodora L.), and tiny vetch (Vicia hirsuta L.). In the study, the residues of 14-day-old buckwheat plants were used (cv. Hruszowska). After removal of the above-ground parts, the buckwheat root residues (BRR) remained in the soil for an additional 7 days before the weeds were sown. For comparison, under the same cultivation conditions, the effect of entire buckwheat plant residues (BPR) in soil was assessed. BPR and BRR in the soil caused a decrease in the emergence of all weed species except the tiny vetch. The growth of barnyard grass, wild oat, yellow foxtail, catchweed bedstraw, and scentless mayweed was inhibited by BRR, but not BPR. BRR had a particularly strong inhibitory effect on the growth of scentless mayweed (SM) and catchweed bedstraw (CB). Thirty-day-old SM and CB control plants were about 4 and 3.5 times higher, respectively, than plants growing in the presence of BRR. Furthermore, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in the barnyard grass and catchweed bedstraw were more prominently reduced by BRR than BPR. Stressful conditions caused by buckwheat residues in the soil increased the level of phenolic compounds in the tissues of weeds examined. Soil with buckwheat residues contained a low level of phenolic compounds, which may indicate their slow release from the residue or rapid utilisation by microorganisms. These phenolic compounds probably cannot be directly responsible for allelopathic inhibition of weed emergence and growth. Keywords Fagopyrum esculentum · Plant residues · Phenolic compounds · Weed management
Introduction Plants can control weeds by allelochemicals secreted by roots and/or through decomposition of plant residues (Batish et al. 2002; Xuan et al. 2005). This complex phenomenon is affected by the condition of the soil, age of plants and climatic conditions (Kobayashi 2004). Studies on allelopathy Communicated by A. Gniazdowska-Piekarska. * Marcin Horbowicz [email protected] 1
Institute of Biological Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 14, 08‑110 Siedlce, Poland
Division of Food Science, Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10
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