Immobilization of gelatin on the oxygen plasma-modified surface of polycaprolactone scaffolds with tunable pore structur
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Immobilization of gelatin on the oxygen plasma-modified surface of polycaprolactone scaffolds with tunable pore structure for skin tissue engineering Farnaz Ghorbani 1 & Melika Sahranavard 2 & Ali Zamanian 2 Received: 9 March 2019 / Accepted: 17 August 2020 # The Polymer Society, Taipei 2020
Abstract In this study, polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds were fabricated via the freeze-casting method. Moreover, the surface of prepared constructs was modified using an oxygen plasma treatment technique for grafting the gelatin in order to improve physicochemical and biological properties. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) micrographs demonstrated interconnect and unidirectional pore channels. At the same time, the modification procedure showed slight effects on the lamellar microstructure of pores. Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy determined chemical characterization, which evaluates the effect of the surface treatment on the chemical structure of scaffolds. The wettability of the constructs was investigated by a water drop contact angle and swelling ratio tests. The results illustrated an increment in hydrophilicity after oxygen plasma modification, while the immobilization of gelatin enhanced more the potential of interaction with water molecules. Moreover, the increase in the biodegradation ratio was observed after modification. The in-vitro performance of constructs before and after gelatin immobilization was investigated bt the cell culture assay. Accordingly, modified scaffolds with gelatin support cell attachment and filopodia formation compared with the PCL ones. Besides, the biocompatibility of polymeric matrixes was proved by MTT assay. The results suggest that gelatin grafting on oxygen plasma modified PCL scaffold can be useful in wound healing. Keywords Freeze-cast scaffold . Oxygen plasma modification . Immobilize . Polycaprolactone . Gelatin
Introduction Tissue engineering is a promising approach for restoration, regeneration, and functionalization of damaged-tissues when other treatments (including autografting, allografting, and xenografting) are not responsive or associated with limitations [1, 2]. One of the main parts of tissue engineering to promote regeneration is the synthesized scaffold [3, 4]. An ideal artificial matrix should provide a highly porous structure with
* Farnaz Ghorbani [email protected] * Ali Zamanian [email protected] 1
Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong Shanghai 201399, China
2
Biomaterials Research Group, Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, Iran
interconnected pores to enhance nutrition and metabolic waste flow, which affect cell adhesion and growth. Furthermore, the scaffolding materials must be biocompatible and degraded during the neo-tissue formation. Also, supplying the mechanical needs of the target tissue influenced by the used materials and techniques should b
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