Immobilized Fe-Loaded Chitosan Film for Methyl Orange Dye Removal: Competitive Ions, Reusability, and Mechanism
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Immobilized Fe‑Loaded Chitosan Film for Methyl Orange Dye Removal: Competitive Ions, Reusability, and Mechanism Nur Shazwani Abdul Mubarak1 · T. W. Chuan2 · H. P. Khor2 · Ali H. Jawad3 · L. D. Wilson4 · S. Sabar1,2 Accepted: 22 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Large scale application of solid sorbent for wastewater treatment have been barred with problems associated with its difficulty of filtration and adsorbent recovery from aqueous solution. The use of a solid support could eliminate these problems and offer better adsorption ability and reusability of the adsorbent. In this study, we have fabricated Fe-loaded chitosan (FeCS) film immobilized onto a glass support. The prepared Fe-CS film showed greater adsorption capacity of methyl orange (MO) by 22.5% as opposed to an unmodified CS film material. The adsorption isotherms, kinetics, thermodynamics, and reusability of the prepared adsorbent were investigated in detail. The adsorption profile under kinetic conditions adopted a best-fit according to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, while the adsorption profiles equilibrium conditions were described by both the Langmuir and Temkin isotherm models. The trend for the maximum adsorption capacity (qm) at variable temperature are listed: 97.1 (303 K), 102 (313 K) and 205 mg g−1 (323 K). The binding mechanism of MO adsorption onto the immobilized Fe-CS film was by both electrostatic attractions and chelating interactions. As well, the findings of this study showed that the immobilized Fe-CS film is an effective adsorbent that can be easily recovered from treated water and recycled for multiple adsorption–desorption processes. The properties of the immobilized Fe-CS film demonstrate its excellent ability for the removal of MO dye or any similar pollutants. Keywords Adsorption · Chitosan · Dye removal · Immobilization · Iron · Wastewater treatment
Introduction Reactive dyes are among the many pollutants in water bodies released by industry, such as textile, printing, leather and plastics [1]. There are more than 100,000 dyes commercially available, including anionic, cationic and non-ionic dyes. The release of such dyes poses significant threats to human and ecosystem health due to their toxicity, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity [2]. Highly colored wastewater * S. Sabar [email protected] 1
Chemical Sciences Programme, School of Distance Education (SDE), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
2
School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
3
Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
4
Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
lowers the penetration of light and oxygen content, lowers photosynthetic activity, hinders the growth of biotic elements, and produces micro-toxicity to aquatic organisms by metal-ion chelation [3]. Various methods have been applied fo
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