Chitosan biopolymer based nanocomposite hydrogels for removal of methylene blue dye
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Chitosan biopolymer based nanocomposite hydrogels for removal of methylene blue dye Ghada A. Mahmoud1 · Asmaa Sayed1 · Maryan Thabit2 · Gehan Safwat2 Received: 30 January 2020 / Accepted: 15 April 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Nanocomposite hydrogels were synthesized by γ-radiation-induced copolymerization and crosslinking of Chitosan biopolymer (CS), acrylic acid (AAc) and TiO2 nanoparticles (CS-PAAc/TiO2). The structure, morphology, and properties of the nanocomposites were investigated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis techniques. The nanocomposites hydrogel was used for the removal of methylene blue dye (MB) from wastewater. It was found that the presence of TiO2 in the copolymeric matrix enhances the adsorption by increasing the physical interaction between the dye molecules and the adsorbent surface. The removal percentage increases with the increase in pH of the medium of all investigated samples and the maximum value is obtained at the solution pH is 10. The maximum adsorbent dosage for CS-PAAc/ TiO2 nanocomposites is 0.20 g and for CS-PAAc hydrogel is 0.15 g per liter of the adsorbate. This study revealed that the loading of TiO2 nanoparticles into the polymeric matrix of CS-PAAc does a remarkable increase in the removal parentage of MB dye from its aqueous solution. Keywords Gamma radiation · Nanocomposite · Chitosan · TiO2 · Dye removal
1 Introduction The effluent dye industry has caused severe hazards to the environment and biology due to its complex structure and chromogenic functional groups [1–3]. Among many pollutants that the mill discharges millions of gallons into the water contain naphthol, vat dyes, sulfur, nitrates, acetic acid, chromium compounds and heavy metal ions like arsenic, lead, cadmium, copper, and many other pollutants [4–6]. Most of these contaminants are hydrocarbon-based softeners, formaldehyde-based dye fixing agents and nonbiodegradable dyeing chemicals [1, 2, 6]. Methylene blue dye (MB) is harm to the respiratory system and skin. It can cause vomiting and even cancer for living organisms [4]. MB absorbs light, and it affects the growth of the aquatic
organisms [5]. Moreover, the aromatic structure is hardly biodegradable which means the remaining of MB for a long time if there is no adopting method for treatment [7]. Various physicochemical techniques such as adsorption, photodegradation, and membrane separation have been applied to treat the dye effluents [8]. The ideal material for efficient adsorption should possess the properties of porosity, high surface area, and physicochemical stability [9]. Bio-based adsorbents are considered one of the most promising materials in water treatment [10]. One of the most interesting materials for scientists is Chitosan (CS). It is a biodegradable, renewable, and inexpensive natural polymer [11, 12]. It has many environmentally friendly qualities and has high efficiency in water pu
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