Immunotherapy and Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Disorders

This practical volume examines a number of topics that explore the current status of immunotherapy and diagnostic markers for neurodegenerative disorders. With a focus on Alzheimer’s disease, the first sections of the book examine immunotherapeutic a

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Martin Ingelsson Lars Lannfelt Editors

Immunotherapy and Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Disorders

METHODS AND

IN

P H A R M ACO LO G Y

T OX I CO LO G Y

Series Editor Y. James Kang University of Louisville School of Medicine Prospect, Kentucky, USA

For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7653

Immunotherapy and Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Disorders Edited by

Martin Ingelsson and Lars Lannfelt Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

Editors Martin Ingelsson Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden

Lars Lannfelt Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden

ISSN 1557-2153 ISSN 1940-6053 (electronic) Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology ISBN 978-1-4939-3558-1 ISBN 978-1-4939-3560-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-3560-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016934446 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover illustration: Light microscopy image of amyloid plaques in the brain from an Alzheimer patient, 400 × magnification. This image was taken by Paul O’Callaghan Printed on acid-free paper This Humana Press imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Science+Business Media LLC New York

Preface Neurodegenerative disorders represent significant unmet medical needs and major costs to the health care system. In the search for more efficient treatments, immunotherapy targeting abnormal protein aggregates or inflammatory molecules has emerged as one of the most promising therapeutic strategies. Today immunomodulatory therapies are used to treat multiple sclerosis, and similar concepts are currently being tested for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. In the latter disorder, pathological forms of the amyloid-β peptide and the tau protein accumulate as plaques and tangles between and inside the brain neurons,