Impact factors of the accumulation, migration and spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment
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REVIEW PAPER
Impact factors of the accumulation, migration and spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment Zibo Lin . Tao Yuan . Lai Zhou . Sen Cheng . Xu Qu . Ping Lu . Qiyan Feng
Received: 23 March 2020 / Accepted: 16 October 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Antibiotic resistance is a great concern, which leads to global public health risks and ecological and environmental risks. The presence of antibiotic-resistant genes and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment exacerbates the risk of spreading antibiotic resistance. Among them, horizontal gene transfer is an important mode in the spread of antibiotic resistance genes, and it is one of the reasons that the antibiotic resistance pollution has become increasingly serious. At the same time, free antibiotic resistance genes and resistance gene host bacterial also exist in the natural environment. They can not only Z. Lin L. Zhou S. Cheng X. Qu P. Lu (&) Q. Feng School of Environmental Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu, China e-mail: [email protected] Z. Lin T. Yuan L. Zhou S. Cheng X. Qu P. Lu Q. Feng Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coal-based Greenhouse Gas Control and Utilization, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, China T. Yuan Department of Construction Equipment and Municipal Engineering, Jiangsu Vocational Institute of Architectural Technology, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu, China T. Yuan Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Building Energy Saving and Construct Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
affect horizontal gene transfer, but can also migrate and aggregate among environmental media in many ways and then continue to affect the proliferate and transfer of antibiotic resistance genes. All this shows the seriousness of antibiotic resistance pollution. Therefore, in this review, we reveal the sensitive factors affecting the distribution and spread of antibiotic resistance through three aspects: the influencing factors of horizontal gene transfer, the host bacteria of resistance genes and the migration of antibiotic resistance between environmental media. This review reveals the huge role of environmental migration in the spread of antibiotic resistance, and the environmental behavior of antibiotic resistance deserves wider attention. Meanwhile, extracellular antibiotic resistance genes and intracellular antibiotic resistance genes play different roles, so they should be studied separately. Keywords Antibiotic Resistance Antibiotic resistance gene Antibiotic resistance bacteria Environmental migration Horizontal gene transfer
Introduction Antibiotic resistance (AR) is one of the biggest threats to global public health and food safety. Recent years, the spread of AR in the environment has attracted widespread attention from the public and the research
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Environ Geochem Health
community. According to the ‘Frontiers 2017’ issued by the United Nations Environment Progr
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