Impact of awareness on environmental toxins affecting plankton dynamics: a mathematical implication
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Impact of awareness on environmental toxins affecting plankton dynamics: a mathematical implication Arindam Mandal1 · Pankaj Kumar Tiwari1 · Samares Pal1 Received: 13 July 2020 / Revised: 26 September 2020 / Accepted: 30 September 2020 © Korean Society for Informatics and Computational Applied Mathematics 2020
Abstract The widespread problem of water pollution due to enhanced concentration of anthropogenic effluents is becoming a global issue. Public environmental awareness may be a plausible factor for the control of toxicants in the aquatic medium. The present paper is devoted to study the impact of awareness among human on reduction of environmental toxins affecting planktonic system. The provision of awareness among people helps to maintain the ecological balance of the system by reducing the input rate of toxicants through anthropogenic sources. The conditions for existence and local asymptotic stability of all feasible steady states of the system are derived. Our study reveals that the system is stable for low or high input rate of toxicants, but for intermediate ranges, the system produces oscillations by destroying the stable dynamics. Moreover, for very large level of pollutants, zooplankton disappears from the system. Importantly, the limited supply of additional food to zooplankton prevents the crash of aquatic food web system. Sensitivity results evoke that environmental toxins can be reduced to a low level by imparting awareness among human, thereby maintaining the rhythm of the planktonic ecosystem. Keywords Planktonic blooms · Environmental toxins · Awareness · Hopf bifurcation · Sensitivity analysis Mathematics Subject Classification 34A34 · 34D20 · 90C31 · 91B50 · 92D40
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Samares Pal [email protected] Arindam Mandal [email protected] Pankaj Kumar Tiwari [email protected]
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Department of Mathematics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India
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A. Mandal et al.
1 Introduction Aquatic pollution has been recognized as a persistent and increasing threat to marine biodiversity. Industrial effluents, agricultural and urban run-off, accidental spillage etc., have left severe impacts on marine ecosystems. Algae and other aquatic organisms are highly sensitive to pollutants. Toxicants may play a pivotal role in altering the species abundance and community structure of ecological systems. Some industrial wastes are colored and contain suspended solids, which can affect phytoplankton photosynthesis by reducing light penetration into the water column. The suspended toxic particles are often accumulated inside phytoplankton cells and hinder their growth. The exposure of toxicant has deleterious effects on the mortality of zooplankton. Moratou-Apostolopoulou and Ignatiades [21] explored the effects of toxicants on the interactions between phytoplankton and zooplankton. Hallam and Deluna [7] explored the impacts of toxicant on population, and concluded that the toxicantpopulation may induce multiple stable equilibrium positions, whereas in the absence of toxicant, the population
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