Impact of Supplements on Enhanced Activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BmB1 Against Pythium aphanidermatum Through Lip
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Impact of Supplements on Enhanced Activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BmB1 Against Pythium aphanidermatum Through Lipopeptide Modulation Aswani Ravi 1 & Sukanya Rajan 1 & Nejumal Kannankeril Khalid 2 & Midhun Sebastian Jose 1 & Charuvila T. Aravindakumar 2,3 & Radhakrishnan Edayileveettil Krishnankutty 1 Accepted: 4 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The present study has been designed to improve the activity of endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BmB1 against Pythium aphanidermatum through the culture supplementation with carbon sources, nitrogen sources and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs). From the results of the study, supplementation with glucose (45 g/L), yeast extract (7.5 g/L) and ZnONPs (5 mg/ L) were found to enhance the antifungal activity of B. amyloliquefaciens BmB1. This was also confirmed by comparative statistical analysis with experimental control. Further LC-Q-TOF-MS analysis of extracts of B. amyloliquefaciens BmB1 cultured with supplements showed a remarkable modulation of its lipopeptide profile. The blend of lipopeptides enhanced during the culture supplementation of B. amyloliquefaciens BmB1 as evidenced by the mass spectrometric analysis can consider to be the basis of its increased activity against P. aphanidermatum. As Bacillus spp. are well known for their biocontrol activities, the results of the study offer ways to improve its agricultural applications. Keywords Bacillus amyloliquefaciens . Pythium aphanidermatum . Capsicum annuum . Lipopeptides . LC-Q-TOF-MS analysis
Introduction Endophytic microorganisms have recently been described to have promising application as biocontrol agents. Their adaptations to live within the plants make them to protect plants from diverse stress conditions [1]. Mechanistically, endophytes make use of diverse chemical scaffolds to support plant growth and also to protect plants from diverse pathogens [2]. The endophytic metabolites like 2, 4-diacetylphloroglucinol, phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, rhamnolipids, pyrrolnitrin, pyoluteorin and lipopeptides have already been described to Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-020-09707-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Radhakrishnan Edayileveettil Krishnankutty [email protected] 1
School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India
2
School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
3
Inter University Instrumentation Centre, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
protect plants from diseases [3–5]. At the same time, lipopeptide (LP) producing Bacillus spp. have been described to have wider distribution in plants as endophytes [6]. In a recent study, endophytic Bacillus safensis B21 has been reported to produce LP derivatives with activity against Magnaporthe oryzae [7]. There are also reports on the antifungal activity of LP producing Bacillus spp. against p
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