Lead in Plants and the Environment
This book examines the way that lead enters the biosphere and the subsequent environmental impact. The contributing authors include international experts who provide methods for assessing and characterizing the ecological risk of lead contamination of soi
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Dharmendra K. Gupta Soumya Chatterjee Clemens Walther Editors
Lead in Plants and the Environment
Radionuclides and Heavy Metals in the Environment Series Editors: Dharmendra K. Gupta Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change Indira Paryavaran Bhavan, Jorbagh Road Aliganj, New Delhi, India Clemens Walther Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover Institut für Radioökologie und Strahlenschutz (IRS) Hannover, Germany
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/16207
Dharmendra K. Gupta • Soumya Chatterjee Clemens Walther Editors
Lead in Plants and the Environment
Editors Dharmendra K. Gupta Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change Indira Paryavaran Bhavan, Jorbagh Road Aliganj, New Delhi, India
Soumya Chatterjee Defence Research Laboratory Defence Research & Development Organisation Tezpur, Assam, India
Clemens Walther Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover Institut für Radioökologie und Strahlenschutz (IRS) Hannover, Germany
ISSN 2524-7409 ISSN 2524-7417 (electronic) Radionuclides and Heavy Metals in the Environment ISBN 978-3-030-21637-5 ISBN 978-3-030-21638-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21638-2 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
Lead (Pb) is a metal utilized by humans for many thousands of years. Metallic Pb globules manufactured in 6400 BC were discovered at Çatalhöyük (presently in Republic of Turkey). Pb is a bluish-white lustrous metal, which is very soft, highly malleable, and ductile, and is a relatively poor electric conductor. Metal is resistant to corrosion but tarnishes upon exposure to air. In nature, it is typically found as min
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