Improvement of Somatic Embryogenesis in Wheat by Segmentation of Cultured Embryos
Research directed toward the improvement of somatic embryogenesis in cereals has emphasized the role of the culture medium (Sears and Deckard 1982; Heyser et al. 1985; Carman et al. 1987), the age of the embryo and its position on the medium (Ozias-Akins
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Volume 1: Volume 2: Volume 3: Volume 4: Volume 5: Volume 6: Volume 7: Volume 8: Volume 9: Volume 10: Volume 11: Volume 12: Volume 13:
Trees I (1986) Crops I (1986) Potato (1987) Medicinal and Aromatic Plants I (1988) Trees II (1989) Crops II (1988) Medicinal and Aromatic Plants II (1989) Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering I (1989) Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering II (1989) Legumes and Oilseed Crops I (1990) Somac1onal Variation in Crop Improvement I (1990) Haploids in Crop Improvement I (1990) Wheat (1990)
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Volume 14: Rice (1991) Volume 15: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants III (1991) Volume 16: Trees III (1991)
Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 13
Wheat Edited by Y P. S. Bajaj
With 169 Figures
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
Professor Dr. y.P.S. BAJAJ A-137 New Friends Colony New Delhi 110065, India
ISBN 978-3-642-08081-4
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. Wheat / edited by Y.P .S. Bajaj. p. cm. - (Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry: 13) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-3-642-08081-4 ISBN 978-3-662-10933-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-10933-5 1. Wheat- - Propagation-In vitro. 2. Wheat--Biotechnology. I. Bajaj, Y. P. S., 1936- . II. Series. SB191.W5W48 1990 633.1'1--dc20 90-9824 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is only permitted under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9,1965, in its current version, and a copyright fee must always be paid. Violations fall under the prosecution act of the German Copyright Law. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1990
Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 1990 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1990 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting: International Typesetters Inc., Makati, Philippines 3113145(3011)-543210 - Printed on acid-free paper
Dedicated to Davinder and Ranbir Bajaj
Preface
Wheat, which is the second most important cereal crop in the world, is being grown in a wide range of climates over an area of about 228 945 thousand ha with a production of about 535 842 MT in the world. Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) accounts for 80% of the wheat consumption, however, it is attacked by a large number of pests and pathogens; rusts and smuts cause enormous damage to the crop and reduce the yield drastically in some areas. The major breeding objectives for wheat include grain yield, earliness, resistance to lodging and diseases, spikelet fertility, cold tolerance, leaf
