Somatic embryogenesis in slash pine ( Pinus elliottii Engelm): improving initiation of embryogenic tissues and maturatio

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Somatic embryogenesis in slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm): improving initiation of embryogenic tissues and maturation of somatic embryos Fan Yang1,2 · Xin‑Rui Xia1,2 · Xin Ke1,2 · Jianren Ye1,2 · Li‑hua Zhu1,2 Received: 18 March 2020 / Accepted: 2 August 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020

Abstract Slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) has strong adaptability, early growth and high turpentine yield, and it is widely planted in southern China. Breeding of disease-resistant varieties is an effective way to prevent and control development of pine needle brown spot on slash pine in China. Plant regeneration by somatic embryogenesis has been achieved for slash pine, but large-scale production of somatic embryos remains restricted by several factors. We tested different embryogenesis conditions from time of initiation to maturation and studied genetic stability at simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci of regenerated plants in slash pine. Immature zygotic embryos of four open-pollinated mother trees were used for initiation of somatic embryogenesis. Seed sources (families) had a significant impact on initiation of embryonal suspensor mass (ESM, p