Improving the nutritive value of cassava bioethanol waste using fermented yeast as a partial replacement of protein sour
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Improving the nutritive value of cassava bioethanol waste using fermented yeast as a partial replacement of protein source in dairy calf ration Anusorn Cherdthong 1
&
Chanadol Supapong 1
Received: 30 January 2019 / Accepted: 29 April 2019 # Springer Nature B.V. 2019
Abstract The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)–fermented cassava bioethanol waste (YECAW) on feed utilization, ruminal fermentation, and microbial population in dairy calves fed a concentrate diet at 1% body weight (BW). Four male Holstein Friesian crossbred calves with an initial BW of 109 ± 6.23 kg were used in this research. The experimental design was a 4 × 4 Latin squared design and the dietary treatments were four levels of YECAW supplementation at 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20% concentrate mixture. The YECAW product contained CP at 25.1% dry matter (DM) and NDF and ADF at 65.2 and 40.6% DM, respectively. Inclusion of YECAW did not alter feed intake of rice straw, total intake, nutrient intake, and digestion coefficients (P > 0.05). Ruminal pH and temperature, ruminal ammonia-nitrogen, and blood urea-nitrogen (BUN) were not significant by YECAW levels supplementation (P > 0.05). Increasing YECAW levels did not adversely affect the population of bacteria, protozoa, and fungi and values ranged from 6.5 to 7.0 × 1012, 3.2 to 4.0 × 105, and 6.9 to 7.4 × 103 cells/ml, respectively (P > 0.05). Feeding of YECAW to dairy calves did not affect the total VFA, acetic acid (C2), propionic acid (C3), or butyric acid (C4) proportion (P > 0.05) which ranged from 102.6 to104.6 mmol/l, 70.7 to 72.0, 17.8 to 20.2, and 9.1 to 10.3 mol/ 100 mol, respectively. Therefore, feeding of YECAW is recommended because no adversely affect the utilization of feed and rumen characteristics and might be alternative protein source for ruminants. Keywords Cassava waste . Ruminal microorganism . Ruminant . Feed intake . Rumen fermentation
Introduction Feeding management of dairy calves is essential to their survival and productivity and is aimed at providing the balanced nutrients needed to maintain a stable and efficient microbial population. Bioethanol manufacturing is an industry that depends almost completely on cassava (Sriroth et al. 2012). During cassava processing, a large waste stream is produced. This residue consists of some dissolved solids, but the major composition of the drained solids is starch and minerals. Cassava bioethanol waste (CBW) is a by-product of bioethanol production from raw cassava root. CBW contains
* Anusorn Cherdthong [email protected] 1
Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
some fibers, and crude protein (CP) content is about 11.0– 14.0% dry matter (DM), which suggests its use as a nutrient for ruminant animals. Phoemchalard et al. (2014) indicated that CBW could be incorporated into the diet of cattle without adversely affecting growth and nutrient digest
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