Improving wettability of polycarbonate and adhesion with aluminum by Ar + ion irradiation
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Improving wettability of the polycarbonate (PC) surface to triple distilled water has been carried out by Ar+ ion irradiation with blowing oxygen gas. The amount of Ar+ was changed from 1014 to 5 X 1016 ions/cm 2 at 1 keV energy by a Kaufman-type ion source. Contact angle of the water to PC has been reduced from 78° to 50° with Ar+ irradiation, and to 12° with Ar+ irradiation in various vacuum pressures adjusted by oxygen gas flow rate ( 0 - 4 seem). Strong O - H stretching vibration peaks at about 3370 cm"1 on FT-IR spectra of the polymer appeared after the surface treatments, and the wetting angle of the treated PC was returned to its value (78°) when the PC was exposed in air environment. The minimum contact angles were maintained with the same value when the irradiated polymers were kept in dilute HC1 solution. The improved wettability and surface chemical reaction by Ar+ ion irradiation with oxygen was explained by the formation of a hydrophilic functional group. Enhanced adhesion between aluminum and PC was confirmed by the scotch tape test, and was discussed with relation between the hydrophilic group on the polymer surface and the deposited metal.
I. INTRODUCTION Ion beam irradiation onto polymer has been attracting interest for its improvements of crystallinity,1^ conductivity,56 mechanical properties,7-8 solubility,9 wettability,10 etc. The improvements by energetic ion interaction are mainly due to bond scission, cross linking, carbonization,7 and chemical reaction on the surface with polymer matrix.11-12 The physical and chemical changes on the polymer surface have been achieved by irradiation of energetic particles onto the polymer surface with plasma,13"16 corona,17-18 arc discharge, electron beam,4 ion beam,1-6-19 etc. in their applications, which is so important when the physical and chemical phenomena occur on the surface. The keV energetic ions penetrate in the polymer 1000 s A depth by creating reactive radicals, due to bond scission, which can react with other reactive atoms for the surface modification. Ion irradiation with 10 s-100 s keV energy has produced too much damage, and the high energy ion irradiation has been applied to carbonization, change of solubility, and so on. The 10 s-100 s keV energy ion irradiation to the polymer surface can create much damage comparing with formation of a functional group for improving wettability.20"23 Moreover, it is not easy to enlarge the beam size, to improve the uniformity, and to increase the beam current.24 Broad ion beam irradiation with a few keV energy which is still much higher energy than binding energy (a few eV energy) of 2390
J. Mater. Res., Vol. 10, No. 9, Sep 1995
http://journals.cambridge.org
Downloaded: 19 Mar 2015
chemical bonds in polymer molecules can create damage due to high energy irradiation yielding higher functional group concentration, and it is easy to employ broad beam ion irradiation with a large beam size and a high ion beam current density. However, chemical reaction on a polymer surface by a few keV energy ion irradi
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