Ar + ion irradiation in oxygen environment for improving wettability of polymethylmethacrylate
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Ar1 ion irradiation in oxygen environment for improving wettability of polymethylmethacrylate Seok-Keun Koh, Won-Kook Choi, Jun-Sik Cho, and Seok-Kyun Song Ceramics Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul, 130-650, Korea
Young-Man Kim Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul, 130-650, Korea
Hyung-Jin Jung Ceramics Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul, 130-650, Korea (Received 5 June 1995; accepted 9 March 1996)
Ion irradiation with various oxygen flow rates has been carried out to improve the wettability of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) to water and to enhance the adhesion between Al and the polymer. Ar1 ion and oxygen ion were irradiated on the polymer, and amounts of ions were changed from 5 3 1014 Ar1ycm2 to 5 3 1016 Ar1ycm2 by a broad ion beam source. Oxygen gas from 0 mlymin to 7 mlymin was flowed near the polymer surface during the ion irradiation, and the energy of ions was changed from 500 eV to 1500 eV. The wetting angle was reduced from 68± to 49± with the Ar1 ion irradiation only at 1 keV energy, to 43± with the oxygen ion irradiation, and dropped to 8± with Ar1 ion irradiation with flowing 4 mlymin oxygen gas near the polymer surface. Changes of wetting angle with oxygen gas and Ar1 ion irradiation were explained by a two-step chemical reaction among polymer matrix, energetic ions, and oxygen gas. The effects of Ar1 ion and oxygen ion irradiation were explained by considering formation of hydrophilic groups due to a reaction between irradiated polymer chain by energetic ion irradiation and blown oxygen gas, and enhanced adhesion between Al and PMMA was explained by the formation of electron acceptor groups in polymer and electron donors in metal, and by the chemical reaction in the interface between irradiated polymer surface and deposited metal.
I. INTRODUCTION
Investigation of surface chemical reaction due to ion irradiation is an important study determining properties and functionality of modified materials.1,2 Changes in physical and chemical properties of polymer have been induced by various treatments which cause chemical and/or structural changes near the surface area. Chemical functionality, surface texture, wettability, and bondability or polymer materials have been achieved by a plasma treatment or an ion irradiation onto materials. Ion irradiation onto materials, especially onto polymer, has been studied to create a conductive layer on insulators,3,4 to modify chemical properties, and to change mechanical properties,5,6 in which main actions on polymer by ion irradiation should be bond scission, cross link, carbonization, and chemical reaction. Solubility,7 crystallinity, and mechanical strength have been altered due to the change of molecular chain length and entanglement of chains related to bond scission and cross link, when the energetic particles with high energy are irradiated on the
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