In vitro and ex vivo anti-diabetic and anti-hyperglycemic properties of Zataria multiflora essential oil
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
In vitro and ex vivo anti‑diabetic and anti‑hyperglycemic properties of Zataria multiflora essential oil Maryam Aminizadeh1 · Gholamreza Kavoosi1 · Amina Kariminia2 Received: 3 August 2020 / Accepted: 22 September 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The underlying mechanism involved in the onset of many diseases such as diabetes is oxidative stress. Zataria multiflora has a very high antioxidant power that can be used in the antioxidant therapy of the diabetes symptom. The in vitro antioxidant and anti-diabetic capacity of Zataria multiflora essential oil (ZMEO) incorporated in dendrosome against glucose oxidation, lipid oxidation, protein oxidation, and protein glycation was analyzed. The ex vivo antioxidant capacity of dendrosomal ZMEO were explored against hyperglycemia (HG)-induced oxidative stress. Inhibition of oxidative stress markers; NADH oxidase (NOX), nuclear respiratory factor 2 (NRF2) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) were examined. DendrosomalZMEO displayed low conductivity, low surface tension, low zeta-potential, nanoscale particle size and low viscosity that suggest dendrosomal-ZMEO could remain stable in biological fluids. FTIR spectra of dendrosomal-ZMEO indicated the non-covalent interactions between dendrosome and ZMEO and the entrapment of ZMEO droplets in the dendrosome network. Dendrosomal-ZMEO displayed good anti-glucose oxidation, anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-protein oxidation, and anti-protein glycation activity. Dendrosomal ZMEO strongly reduced intracellular hydrogen peroxide and NOX expression and activity in HG-treated macrophages while increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) expression and activity in a synergistic manner. HG-treated murine macrophages showed an increased level of NF-kB expression while the decreased level of NRF2 expression compared to controls. The anti-diabetic activity of ZMEO by sequestering hydrogen peroxide and down-regulation of NOX activity is a recommended mechanism for diabetes and oxidative stress. The effect of ZMEO on decreasing NF-kB and increasing in NRF2, transcription factors involved in oxidative stress and hyperglycemia, may imply its clinical application. Keywords Hyperglycemia · Carvacrol · Antioxidant therapy · NOX · NRF2
Introduction Reactive oxygen radicals can be produced by normal cellular metabolic pathways or via macrophage stimulation with biological and non-biological stimulants. Mitochondrial electron transport chain, and NADH oxidase (NOX) are the main Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-020-05857-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Gholamreza Kavoosi [email protected] 1
Department of Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
2
contributors to such radical construction. Superoxide and other hydr
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