In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (bermuda) Against Selected Pathogens
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. is a type of perennial grass that possesses great medicinal values. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of the plant crude extract from seven different solvents (acetone, chloroform, diethyl ether, ethanol, ethyl acetate,
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Abstract Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. is a type of perennial grass that possesses great medicinal values. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of the plant crude extract from seven different solvents (acetone, chloroform, diethyl ether, ethanol, ethyl acetate, methanol, and n-pentane) was investigated against some pathogens (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus pneumonia) using disc diffusion method and thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) bioassay for plant-SPE extracts against Aspergillus niger. Crude extraction showed that ethanolic extraction produced highest yield (7.065 %) followed by methanolic (5.420 %) and chloroform (3.550 %) extraction. The lowest yield was obtained from n-pentane extraction (0.500 %). The antimicrobial study revealed broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity from ethanol (7.0–10.0 ± 0.0–1.0 mm) and ethyl acetate (7.0–12.0 ± 0.0–1.0 mm) extracts against all of the bacterial pathogens. Both methanol and acetone extracts showed activity to B. cereus (8.0 ± 0.0 mm) and B. subtilis (7.0 ± 0.0 mm), while chloroform extract showed activity to B. subtilis (7.0 ± 0.0 mm) and S.pyogenes (8.3 ± 0.6 mm), respectively. Diethyl ether extraction showed activity only to S. pyogenes (7.3 ± 0.6 mm), while no activity was observed from n-pentane extraction. Great antimicrobial activity were observed for both ethyl acetate and ethanol SPE-based extracts (SBE) with size of inhibition ranging from 8.0 ± 0.0 mm to 15.7 ± 0.6 mm for ethyl acetate SBE and 8.0 ± 0.0 mm to 13.0 ± 0.0 mm for ethanol SBE. No significant antimicrobial activity was observed from thin-layer chromatographic bioassay against A. niger. S. Abdullah K. P. Chong (&) Sustainable Palm Oil Research Unit (SPOR), School of Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia e-mail: [email protected] J. Gobilik School of Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sandakan Campus, Mile 10, Sg. Batang 90000 Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia e-mail: [email protected]
R. Pogaku et al. (eds.), Developments in Sustainable Chemical and Bioprocess Technology, DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6208-8_29, Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
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Keywords Cynodon dactylon Crude extract SPE-based extract TLC bioassay Antimicrobial
Introduction Medicinal plants play a very important role in pharmaceuticals industry in developing alternative drugs to overcome the pitfalls possessed by the synthetic drugs (Yadav et al. 2010). The development of drug-resistant pathogens that are mostly involved in nosocomial infection has raised concern among medicinal practitioners (Adalet et al. 2011). It was believed that the intense used of a number of synthetic antimicrobial drugs which contributed to the development. Besides the tougher jobs to search for more effective drugs against the pathogens, it also created the problem in controlling the growth of infectious disease
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