In vitro antioxidant activity of synthesized BSA conjugated manganese dioxide nanoparticles
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In vitro antioxidant activity of synthesized BSA conjugated manganese dioxide nanoparticles Sonali Pardhiya1 · Eepsita Priyadarshini1 · Paulraj Rajamani1 Received: 7 April 2020 / Accepted: 21 August 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Nanozymes represent the class of nanomaterials exhibiting enzyme mimicking properties. Biocompatible nanozymes with the ability to imitate antioxidant enzymes hold tremendous possibility for development of therapeutics in various disorders related to stress. In the present work we synthesized BSA templated MnO2 nanoparticles. Synthesized nanoparticles was found to mimic antioxidant enzymes viz, superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase. Additionally, it also showed oxidase mimicking activity. Nanoparticles were assessed for cytotoxicity by MTT assay in mammalian cells by treating human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293) at varying doses and time period. Morphological variations induced after treatment of HEK 293 with nanoparticles was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Nanoparticles at 50 µg/mL concentration were found to significantly increase viability of HEK 293 cells compared to control due to their inherent antioxidant property. But at higher doses nanoparticles induced toxicity. This may be due to the intrinsic oxidase mimicking activity of the nanoparticles which suggest that at higher doses nanoparticle has cross over role as pro-oxidant. Additionally, there was no visible morphological alteration in TEM micrograph of treated cells. The results indicated that the BSA template MnO2 particles act as pro-oxidant at higher doses due to its oxidase mimicking property however, at an optimum dose it functions as therapeutic under stress related conditions due to its anti-oxidant property. Keywords Manganese dioxide · Bovine serum albumin · Antioxidant · Nanozymes · Reactive oxygen species · Prooxidant
1 Introduction Biological enzymes are macromolecules that catalyse biochemical reactions in natural systems, basically by lowering activation energy, resulting in enhancement of the reaction kinetics. However, there are limited applications of these biological enzymes due to stability issues, high cost of synthesis and purification. As a substitute to these natural enzymes, researchers focus on utilization of chemical molecules such as cyclodextrins, metal-complexes, porphyrins, polymeric and supramolecular ligands that exhibit high catalytic power [1, 2]. Conversely, there are issues regarding their catalytic efficiency and biocompatibility that limits its application [3]. Since last decade, artificial
enzymes are being investigated as nontoxic, stable and cost-effective solution to chemical and natural enzymes. Breslow coined the term “artificial enzymes” for enzyme mimics that replicate the essential principles of natural enzymes with alternate materials [4]. Pasquato and coworkers initially coined the term “nanozymes” to explain the thiol monolayer covered goldclusters that exhibited ribonuclease mimicking activity [5]. Nanomaterials based enzymes
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