In vitro Inhibition of Clinical Isolates of Otitis Media Pathogens by the Probiotic Streptococcus salivarius BLIS K12
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In vitro Inhibition of Clinical Isolates of Otitis Media Pathogens by the Probiotic Streptococcus salivarius BLIS K12 Tzu Yu Chen1 · John D. F. Hale2 · John R. Tagg2 · Rohit Jain2 · Abigail L. Voss2 · Nikki Mills3 · Emma J. Best4 · Duncan S. Stevenson1,5 · Philip A. Bird1,5 · Tony Walls1,6 Accepted: 13 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Otitis media is a common childhood infection, frequently requiring antibiotics. With high rates of antibiotic prescribing and increasing antibiotic resistance, new strategies in otitis media prevention and treatment are needed. The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro inhibitory activity Streptococcus salivarius BLIS K12 against otitis media pathogens. Efficacy of the bacteriocin activity of S. salivarius BLIS K12 against the otitis media isolates was assessed using the deferred antagonism test. Overall, 48% of pathogenic isolates exhibited some growth inhibition by S. salivarius BLIS K12. S. salivarius BLIS K12 can inhibit the in vitro growth of the most common pathogens. Keywords Otitis media · Recurrent otitis media · Otitis media pathogens · Probiotics · S. salivarius BLIS K12 · In vitro inhibition
Introduction Acute otitis media (AOM) is the most common bacterial infection occurring in pre-school aged children [1, 2]. A proportion of children go on to develop recurrent AOM or persistent middle ear effusions, with a significant impact on the affected families [3, 4]. The three key otopathogens in young children have been shown to be Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis [5, 6]. To date, vaccines have had only a modest impact on AOM. There are increasing concerns regarding overuse of
* Tzu Yu Chen [email protected] 1
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Christchurch Public Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
2
Blis Technologies Ltd, Dunedin, New Zealand
3
Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology, Starship Children’s Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
4
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
5
Department of Surgery, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
6
Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
antibiotics for treatment of childhood AOM [7], along with concerns regarding antibiotic resistance as a consequence of high antibiotic consumption amongst children in New Zealand [8]. Accordingly, alternative prevention and/or treatment options have been sought including exploring a possible role for probiotics in the prevention of AOM [9–11]. Although there are many postulated mechanisms by which a probiotic could prevent infection [12], potentially the most effective of these is via the relatively specific probiotic mediated bacteriocin interference with the growth of the potential pathogens at the site of infection. Bacteriocins are proteinaceous substances produced by bacteria that display inter- and intra-species antagonism. The widely used probiotic ba
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