In vitro release study of ketoprofen-loaded chitosan/polyaniline nanofibers
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In vitro release study of ketoprofen‑loaded chitosan/ polyaniline nanofibers Islam M. Minisy1,2 · Nehal A. Salahuddin2 · Mohamad M. Ayad2,3 Received: 30 April 2020 / Revised: 7 September 2020 / Accepted: 23 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Chitosan/polyaniline nanofibers (CH/PANI) were prepared by an in situ oxidative polymerization of aniline in the presence of CH solution. An attractive development of nanofibers network provides free volume space for the easy encapsulation of drugs in the three-dimensional network structure. The CH/PANI hybrid was characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry. Ketoprofen (KP), a model drug that contains a carboxylic group and a hydrophobic moiety, was loaded into CH/PANI hybrid. The release of KP from the hybrid was recorded in aqueous buffer solutions of pH 2, 6.7 and 7.4 simulating the case of oral administration. The release rate was found to be changing with the pH of the medium. The kinetics of the drug delivery system have been systematically studied by different models, which are commonly used, such as zero order, first order, Hixson–Crowell, Higuchi and Korsmeyer–Peppas models. The mechanism of release of the drug was found to follow the anomalous non-Fickian diffusion. Keywords Drug delivery · Chitosan/polyaniline hybrid · Ketoprofen · Sustained release
Introduction Conducting polymers are a novel generation of organic polymers that have similar electrical properties to those of inorganic semiconductors. They show other attractive properties such as ease of preparation, environmental stability and redox * Mohamad M. Ayad [email protected] 1
Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
3
Institute of Basic and Applied Sciences, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, New Borg El‑Arab City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
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Polymer Bulletin
reversibility [1]. Therefore, they have been investigated as effective drug carriers in drug delivery systems [2]. Polyaniline (PANI) is one of the most studied conducting polymers. It has been used in several applications such as biosensors [3], actuators, drug delivery systems [4] and gas sensors [5]. In vivo studies have shown that PANI does not provoke inflammatory responses in a rodent model, suggesting good bio- and histocompatibility [6]. Moreover, an electrically controlled drug release based on PANI has shown an on–off release pattern by applying a cathodic potential [7]. Neat PANI is absolutely insoluble in aqueous media [8], so it can hardly be cytotoxic. A hybrid of two polymers is an approach to develop new biomaterials exhibiting combinations of properties that cannot be obtained by individual polymers [9] and to tailor the materials with desired properties [10]. The hybrids made of synthetic and n
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