Increase of pro-oxidants with no evidence of lipid peroxidation in exhaled breath condensate after a 10-km race in non-a
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Increase of pro-oxidants with no evidence of lipid peroxidation in exhaled breath condensate after a 10-km race in non-athletes O. F. Araneda & R. Urbina-Stagno & M. Tuesta & D. Haichelis & M. Alvear & M. P. Salazar & C. García
Received: 24 February 2013 / Accepted: 12 August 2013 / Published online: 27 August 2013 # University of Navarra 2013
Abstract It is a well-established fact that exercise increases pro-oxidants and favors oxidative stress; however, this phenomenon has been poorly studied in human lungs. Pro-oxidative generation (H2O2, NO2−), lipid peroxidation markers (MDA), and inflammation (pH) in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) have been determined through data from 10 active subjects who ran 10 km; samples were obtained immediately before, at 20, and at 80 min post-exertion. In EBC, the concentration of H2O2 at 80 min post-exertion was increased. NO2− concentration showed a tendency to increase at 80 min post-exertion, with no variations in MDA and pH. No variations of NO2− were found in plasma, while there was an increase of NO2− at 80 min post-exertion in the
relation between EBC and plasma. NO2− in EBC did not correlate to plasmatic NO2−, while it did correlate directly with H2O2 in EBC, suggesting a localized origin for the exercise-related NO2− increase in EBC. MDA in plasma did not increase nor correlate with MDA in EBC. In conclusion, high-intensity exercise increases lung-originated pro-oxidants in non-athlete subjects with no evidence of early lipid peroxidation and changes in the pH value in EBC. Keywords Exhaled breath condensate . Runners . Lung oxidative stress . Lung inflammation
Introduction O. F. Araneda (*) Laboratorio Integrativo de Biomecánica y Fisiología del Esfuerzo (LIBFE), Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Monseñor Álvaro del Portillo N°12.455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile e-mail: [email protected] R. Urbina-Stagno : D. Haichelis : M. P. Salazar : C. García Fundación para la Investigación de las Ciencias Ambientales y Humanas (FICAH), 832000 Santiago, Chile M. Tuesta Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio, Escuela de Kinesiología, Universidad Santo Tomás sede Viña del Mar, 252000 Viña del Mar, Chile M. Alvear Laboratorio de Kinesiología, Universidad del Desarrollo, 755000 Santiago, Chile
It is a well-documented fact that exercise favors the increase of pro-oxidants and that in some situations it produces oxidative stress [21, 30]. A reduced group of studies on animals have been focused on the impact of exercise on pulmonary redox equilibrium state, reporting evidence of oxidative stress [4, 36]. Exercise increases lung ventilation and favors higher contact with cold air, air pollutants, and chlorine in swimming pools [22, 43]; at the same time, it favors immune system activation [28]. The aforementioned may be particularly important in subjects who have regimes of long training hours. Consequently, previous studies in humans have demonstrated inflammation and redox state changes in the lungs of athletes such as swimmers
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