Enzymatic and Non-enzymatic Detoxification of Reactive Carbonyl Compounds Improves the Oxidative Stress Tolerance in Cuc
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Enzymatic and Non‑enzymatic Detoxification of Reactive Carbonyl Compounds Improves the Oxidative Stress Tolerance in Cucumber, Tobacco and Rice Seedlings Ambekar Nareshkumar1 · Sindhu Subbarao1 · Amarnatha Reddy Vennapusa1 · Vargheese Ashwin1 · Reema Banarjee2 · Mahesh J. Kulkarni2 · Vemanna S. Ramu1,3 · Makarla Udayakumar1 Received: 15 June 2019 / Accepted: 14 January 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Detoxification of reactive carbonyl compounds (RCC) is crucial to sustain cellular activity to improve plant growth and development. Seedling growth is highly affected by accumulation of RCC under stress. We report non-enzymatic, enzymatic mechanisms of detoxification of RCC in the cucumber, tobacco and rice seedling systems exposed to glucose, NaCl, methyl viologen (MV) induced oxidative stress. The cucumber seedlings exposed to carbonyl stress had higher levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyls (PCs) and advanced glycation end-product N-carboxymethyl-lysine (AGE-CML) that negatively affected the seedling growth. The overexpression of enzyme encoding aldo-keto reductase-1 (AKR1) in tobacco and rice showed detoxification of RCC, MDA and methylglyoxal (MG) with improved seedling growth under glucose, NaCl and MV-induced oxidative stress. Further, small molecules like acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), aminoguanidine (AG), carnosine (Car), curcumin (Cur) and pyridoxamine (PM) showed detoxification of RCC non-enzymatically and rescued the cucumber seedling growth from glucose, NaCl and MV-stress. In autotrophically grown rice seedlings these molecules substantially improved seedling growth under MV-induced oxidative stress. Seedlings treated with the small molecules sustained higher guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) enzyme activity signifying the role of small molecules in reducing carbonyl stress-induced protein inactivation and AGE-CML protein modifications. The results showed that besides enzymatic detoxification of RCC, the small molecules also could reduce cytotoxic effect of RCC under stress. The study demonstrates that small molecules are attractive compounds to improve the seedling growth under stress conditions. Keywords Small molecules · Reactive carbonyl scavengers · Seed germination · Plant growth · Oxidative stress
Introduction Ambekar Nareshkumar, Sindhu Subbarao and Amarnatha Reddy Vennapusa have contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-020-10072-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Vemanna S. Ramu [email protected] * Makarla Udayakumar [email protected] 1
Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560065, India
2
Biochemical Sciences Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
3
Regional Center for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
Plants being sessile are exposed to diverse stresses that limit the gro
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