Indoor biological particles in a train: comparative analysis with outdoor atmosphere
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Indoor biological particles in a train: comparative analysis with outdoor atmosphere Herminia Garcı´a-Mozo Jose Oteros
. Rocı´o Lo´pez-Orozco . Carolina Canalejo .
Received: 18 February 2020 / Accepted: 23 May 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Biological pollution directly affects our health and quality of life. In urban areas, people spend most time in indoor environments including means of transports where can be exposed to pollution sick building syndrome. Despite the importance of this issue, studies on the biological particles exposure in indoor transports are scarce and poorly documented. This study characterizes by using volumetric Hirst traps of the indoor pollen and fungal spore content of the indoor air of a daily crowed train connecting Co´rdoba city (South Spain) with the university campus. Results were compared with outdoor concentrations sampled at the same time. Twenty-three pollen types were identified indoor and 20 outdoor. Quercus, Olea, Platanus, Morus and Cupressus were the most abundant. Thirteen fungal spore types were identified by both indoor and outdoor samplings. Our results pointed out Cladosporium cladosporoides, Cladosporium herbarum, Coprinus, Alternaria and Torula as the most abundant ones. Outdoor levels of both particles were higher; nevertheless, occasionally
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-020-09646-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. H. Garcı´a-Mozo (&) R. Lo´pez-Orozco C. Canalejo J. Oteros Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, University of Co´rdoba, 14071 Co´rdoba, Spain e-mail: [email protected]
indoor concentrations overcame indoor ones, overall pollen records at days after rainfall periods. Even pollen season of some taxa (i.e. Platanus, Urticaceae) extended inside lasting more days than outside. Results indicate as the closed transport can act as biological pollution reservoir which could have consequences on the incidence of passengers’ health. Keywords Indoor Indoor pollen Indoor spores Air quality Public transport
1 Introduction Indoor air quality is one of the main concerns of public health. Citizens spend around 80–90% of their time indoors at home, work or commercial buildings (EPA 2003), but also into private or public transports. Nevertheless, most part of air quality analyses, including aerobiological studies, has been usually performed in outdoor environments. Considering the time that people usually spend indoor is vital to know the air quality in these closed places, including transports (Burge 1995; Lacey 1992). This fact is especially important in urban areas where live the 65% of the global population (EPA 2003) that daily use different means of transport for shifts related to work, studies or leisure activities. The spent time into transport is so high with an average of 1 h per day in USA. In Europe, studies indicate that around the 50%
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