Inductive effect of bioactive substances on strobilation of jellyfish Aurelia coerulea
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Inductive effect of bioactive substances on strobilation of jellyfish Aurelia coerulea* WANG Nan1, 2, 4, WANG Minxiao1, 2, 4, **, WANG Yantao1, 2, 4, LI Chaolun1, 2, 3, 4, ** 1
Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Center of Deep-sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese
2
Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology
3
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
4
Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
Received Jan. 19, 2020; accepted in principle Feb. 21, 2020; accepted for publication May 8, 2020 © Chinese Society for Oceanology and Limnology, Science Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The moon jellyfish Aurelia spp. is a worldwide distributed scyphozoan species that seasonally blooms in coastal waters. Although the strobilation is directly responsible for the scale of jellyfish bloom, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. We exposed Aurelia coerulea polyps to 18 bioactive substances to test their ability to induce strobilation at the natural typically non-strobilation temperature of 21°C. Results revealed that A. coerulea polyps responded in four types. Type I—no change for estradiol, folic acid, iodine, retinoic acid, serotonin hydrochloride, and vitamin A. We suggested that 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine and N-acetyl-L-glutamic acid could not induce strobilation, since the percent of strobilated polyps in these two substances treatments was 3.3% and 1%, respectively. Type II—polyp body elongation for 3,5-diiodo-Ltyrosine, indole-3-acetic acid, L-dopamine, and noradrenaline treatments. Type III—transverse constrictions for L-thyroxine, progesterone, and melatonin treatments. Finally, Type IV—complete strobilation for 5-methoxy-2-methylindole, acetylcholine chloride, and indomethacin treatments, where the pre-strobilation periods were 2, 4, and 2 days, and the mean numbers of ephyrae released per strobila were 4.7, 5.7, and 5.7, respectively. The results reveal that indole derivatives, which contained methoxy or methyl pharmacophore, were the common strobilation inducer in the genus Aurelia. Iodinated organic compounds, catecholamine, acetylcholine chloride, and retinoic acid are species-specific strobilation inducer. Therefore, A. coerulea strobilation is regulated by neuronal and endocrine processes. Our findings provide clues in understanding the mechanism of strobilation and contribute to developing specific strobilation antagonists in controlling moon jellyfish blooms. Keyword: Aurelia coerulea; jellyfish; strobilation; bioactive substances; metamorphosis
1 INTRODUCTION The scyphozoan jellyfish genus Aurelia is cosmopolitan species in neritic waters between 70°N and 40°S (Lucas, 2001). Under the pressure of global changes and human activities, mass occurrences of Aurelia spp. are frequently reported in the coastal waters in r
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