Influence of cationic doping at different sites in NaNbO 3 on the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye
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ORIGINAL PAPER: NANO-STRUCTURED MATERIALS (PARTICLES, FIBERS, COLLOIDS, COMPOSITES, ETC.)
Influence of cationic doping at different sites in NaNbO3 on the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye Runia Jana1 Aayush Gupta2 Raveena Choudhary2,3 O. P. Pandey ●
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Received: 25 May 2020 / Accepted: 7 July 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The present study presents the preparation of Nb-based perovskite with different cationic dopants (potassium and vanadium) for the catalytic photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) dye. For the preparation of powder samples, chemical route followed by heat treatment (at 800 °C) was adopted and X-ray diffraction confirmed the phase formation. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy supported the successful incorporation of dopants in NaNbO3 lattice. Furthermore, the induced lattice distortion and resulted optical modification were determined by uniform strain model and UV–visible spectroscopy, respectively. As a result of inclusion of dopants, photodegradation of MB dye under household CFL exposure has been studied in detail by considering the different dye concentrations (1, 5, and 10 mg/L). Doping at both sites (A and B) in NaNbO3 exhibited better photocatalytic efficiency (34%) in 5 h of illumination as compared to single cation-doped systems which can be associated to the higher content of lattice defects (as charge trap centers), reduced optical band gap and oxygen vacancies. Furthermore, intraparticle diffusion model suggested that low concentration of dye solution exhibited surface diffusion mechanism, while higher concentration followed boundary layer diffusion mechanism for the photodegradation of MB dye. Graphical Abstract
Keywords
Perovskites NaNbO3 Photocatalysis Methylene blue Degradation kinetics ●
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Supplementary information The online version of this article (https:// doi.org/10.1007/s10971-020-05365-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * O. P. Pandey [email protected] 1
Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Mount Carmel College (Autonomous), Bengaluru 560012, India
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Functional Materials Lab, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India
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Hybrid Materials Lab, School of Physics and Materials Science, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India
Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology
Highlights ● Doped NaNbO3 has been successfully synthesized chemical route followed by heat treatment. ● Alkali (K) and transition (V) metals were used as dopants at A- and B-sites, respectively. ● Multiple oxidation states of V with K enhanced the photocatalytic performance of NaNbO3. ● Degradation mechanism has been established for doped system under household CFL exposure.
1 Introduction Household waste, sewage, and industrial byproducts have become a threat to the environment due to rapid increase in the population and industriali
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