Influence of Harvesting Frequency on Essential Oil Yield and Composition of Geraniol-Rich Cultivar of Cymbopogon flexuos
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SHORT COMMUNICATION
Influence of Harvesting Frequency on Essential Oil Yield and Composition of Geraniol-Rich Cultivar of Cymbopogon flexuosus L. R. C. Padalia1 • R. K. Upadhyay1 • Amit Chauhan1 • V. R. Singh2 R. S. Verma2 • C. S. Chanotiya2
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Received: 19 July 2018 / Revised: 20 January 2020 / Accepted: 30 July 2020 The National Academy of Sciences, India 2020
Abstract The variations in essential oil yield and composition of Cymbopogon flexuosus var. GRL-1 were compared with respect to four different harvesting regimes in monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate of north India. The essential oil yield was found to vary from 0.65 to 0.75% during different harvesting mode. GC and GC– MS analysis revealed 28 constituents comprising 93.0–99.7% of total compositions. Geraniol (58.9–75.5%) and geranyl acetate (9.5–26.6%) were identified as the major constituents. Other constituents detected with significant content were 1,8-cineole (0.3–4.8%), (E)-b-ocimene (B 0.03–2.3%), linalool (1.2–1.9%), and citronellal (0.2–1.6%). Significant variations were noticed in the herb and oil yield, and contents of geraniol and geranyl acetate due to different harvesting regimes. The results obtained could be of economic importance for obtaining higher yield of geraniol-rich essential oil from C. flexuosus var. GRL-1 for varied industrial applications. Keywords Cymbopogon flexuosus GRL-1 Essential oil Harvesting period Geraniol Geranyl acetate
Genus Cymbopogon (Poaceae) comprises of about 140 species distributed in tropical and sub-tropical areas of Asia, America, Africa and Tropical countries. Among
& R. C. Padalia [email protected] 1
Research Center, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263149, India
2
CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226015, India
these, 45 species are found in India [1]. The most common and well-known essential oils from this genus are lemongrass oil, citronella oil, and palmarosa oil traded in India and across the globe for various industrial uses [1–3]. Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees ex Steud.) Wats. is a perennial aromatic grass cultivated worldwide for erroneously called lemongrass oil of commerce [4]. However, the lemongrass oil of commerce is actually extracted from four allied Cymbopogon spp. namely, C. flexuosus (East Indian lemongrass), C. citratus (West Indian or American lemongrass), C. pendulus (Jammu lemongrass), and citralrich cultivars of C. khasianus grown in different agroclimatic conditions [4, 5]. Among these, C. flexuosus is most widely grown throughout India and dominates over other allied species for lemongrass oil production. Lemongrass oil having C 75.0% of citral is considered of good quality in aroma and flavour industry, hence differentiation based on their botanical source is not considered significant for trade purpose. Lemongrass oil is extensively used in perfumery, food-flavour, cosmetics, soaps, detergents, confectionery pharmaceuticals, and aromathera
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