Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Essential Oil from Artemisia leucotricha Growing in Tajikistan
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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM Artemisia leucotricha GROWING IN TAJIKISTAN
F. S. Sharopov,1,2 S. R. Numonov,1,2,3* A. Safomuddin,4 I. S. Gulmurodov,1 M. Bakri,2 M. Habasi,1,2 W. N. Setzer,5 and H. A. Aisa1,2*
Artemisia leucotricha Krasch. ex Ladygina (white-haired wormwood; Tajik name downy safeda) is a representative of the genus Artemisia (Asteraceae) [3]. A. leucotricha is one of the main desert pioneer plants of pastures in the upper reaches of the Toguz-Bulak River (West Pamir) [1]. Previously, the biologically active sesquiterpene lactone artemisinin was discovered in several representatives of the genus Artemisia growing in Tajikistan. Artemisinin was not observed in the aerial parts of A. leucotricha [2]. A literature analysis showed that sesquiterpene lactones were not previously isolated from the subterranean part of A. leucotricha [3]. The aerial plant part was collected on Aug. 25, 2018, during flowering in the vicinity of Khashkhorog, Ishkoshim District, Tajikistan. The plant was identified by I. S. Gulmurodov. A voucher specimen (No. CTICNPG 2018-7) is preserved in the collection of the herbarium of the China-Tajik Innovation Center of Natural Products, Academy of Sciences, Republic of Tajikistan. Essential oil was obtained from a dried sample (100 g) by hydrodistillation for 3 h by the standard method of the State Pharmacopoeia [4]. The yield was 0.42% of the air-dried raw material. Essential oil was studied by gas-chromatography– mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) on an Agilent 7890A GC system with a 5975C inert. XL EI/CI MSD using an HP-5ms column (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm). The GC-MS analytical method was previously described in detail by us [5, 6]. Constituents were identified by comparing retention times determined using a homologous series of n-alkanes and mass spectral fragmentations with mass spectral libraries and the literature [7]. Table 1 lists the GC-MS analytical results for A. leucotricha essential oil. The essential oil from A. leucotricha contained 22 constituents constituting 99.9% of the total oil constituents, the major ones of which were trans-thujone (41.5%), 1,8-cineol (33.0), and camphor (18.3). Essential oil obtained from A. rutifolia growing in Tajikistan was also rich in α- (20.9–36.6%) and β-thujones (36.1–47.3) [8]. The antimicrobial activity of essential oil from A. leucotricha (100 mg/mL) was studied using test strains of Gramnegative (Escherichia coli ATCC11229) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538) and yeast-like fungus (Candida albicans ATCC10231). The growth inhibition zones of E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans reached 9, 7.5, and 8 mm, respectively. The control was ampicillin (1 mg/mL), which inhibited microbe growth in the range 19–26 mm.
1) Scientific Research Institution China-Tajik Innovation Center of Natural Products, National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, 299/2 Aini St., Dushanbe, 734063, Tajikistan, e-mail: [email protected]; 2) Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, Xin
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