Initiation mechanism of the Baige landslide on the upper reaches of the Jinsha River, China
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Shi-lin Zhang I Yue-ping Yin I Xie-wen Hu I Wen-pei Wang I Sai-nan Zhu I Nan Zhang I Shui-he Cao
Initiation mechanism of the Baige landslide on the upper reaches of the Jinsha River, China
Abstract This paper provides newly found and profound insight into the initiation mechanism of the first Baige landslide occurred on the upper reaches of the Jinsha River in October 10, 2018. The detailed geological characteristics are interpreted by comprehensive field surveys in the past year, which indicate that the Baige landslide developed in the Jinsha River tectonic suture zone, and the active tectogenesis significantly contributes to broken stratigraphic structures and complex spatial distribution of lithologies. The initiation is considered to be long-term creep under the exogenic and endogenic integration, while the active tectogenesis and the influence of serpentinite and foliation, respectively, are the primary exogenic and endogenic factors. In addition, this creep process can be analyzed within three stages: evolution and formation of failure-prone geological structures, progressive deformation and fracturing, and shear failure of the locking section. The distribution and easily degraded behavior of the serpentinite are the fundamental, enabling the formation of failure-prone structures and also responsible for the subsequent deformation evolution. The foliation controls the toppling deformation-failure mode and direction. Furthermore, this catastrophic landslide further reminds us to pay attention to the landslides along the upper reaches of the Jinsha River, and our preliminary results indicate that the distribution characteristics of landslides significantly depend on the Jinsha River tectonic suture zone and the serpentinite mélange belt and thus are always associated with tectonically induced damage. Keywords Baige landslide . Field survey . Long-term creep deformation . Initiation mechanism . Distribution and development characteristics Introduction Large-scale catastrophic landslides, with extremely high velocities, massive volumes, and unexpectedly mobility, not only have the devastating capability to cause significant hazards to human lives and infrastructure along their runout paths, but they can also block rivers, subsequently posing significant threats to life and property upstream and downstream due to an increase in the impounded water level and breaching floods, respectively (Dai et al. 2005; McDougall and Hungr 2005; Sassa et al. 2005; Dunning et al. 2006; Cui et al. 2009; Yin et al. 2009; Yin et al. 2011; Zhang and Yin 2013; Zhou et al. 2016). In particular, frequent earthquakes and extreme weather conditions have significantly increased the occurrence of catastrophic landslides in recent decades. Triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, hundreds of catastrophic landslides killed more than 20,000 people (Yin et al. 2009) and created about 257 landslide lakes (Cui et al. 2009). The 2006 Leyte landslide occurred on the southern part of Leyte Island induced by a small earthquake after a hea
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