Inkjet-printed low-cost colorimetric tickets for TNT detection in contaminated soil
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pISSN: 0256-1115 eISSN: 1975-7220
INVITED REVIEW PAPER
INVITED REVIEW PAPER
Inkjet-printed low-cost colorimetric tickets for TNT detection in contaminated soil Myung-Goo Lee*, Hae-Wook Yoo**, Sung H. Lim*,†, and Gi-Ra Yi*,† *School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea **Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Korea (Received 7 April 2020 • Revised 18 June 2020 • Accepted 7 July 2020) AbstractA simple colorimetric detection method for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in contaminated soil has been developed. Procedurally, a TNT responsive chromogenic reagent was inkjet printed on commercially available photo paper, and the resulting colorimetric ticket was laminated with a precut patterned film to make a bilayer microfluidic sensor. For the TNT detection experiments, a drop of TNT solution was placed on the center of the prepared sensor. Color measurement of the sensor with a photo scanner showed a wide detection range of TNT, ranging from 14 parts per million (ppm), which is below its residential screening level (~21 ppm) to 7,200 ppm. To further demonstrate its efficacy, TNT spiked soil samples were extracted with acetone and evaluated with the developed sensor. Keywords: TNT Detection from Soil, Colorimetric Sensor, Inkjet-Printed Sensor Ticket
large area, so a remediation step is necessary to reuse the contaminated area, which can be very costly and time-consuming. Therefore, it is important to accurately measure the TNT concentration in a contaminated region [15-17]. While current TNT detection methods have high sensitivity at the parts per billion (ppb) level, they involve heavy and expensive instruments, including HPLCMS (high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) and ECD (electron capture detectors). Alternatively, an aerosol-based colorimetric detection kit, Expray, is commonly used by armed forces to detect a spectrum of explosives. The explosive residue is detected by observing a color change of the test paper sprayed with chromogenic reagents. This approach can detect as low as 20 ng of explosives, but it is difficult to observe the color change when the background is dark [14]. When there is a considerable amount of contamination mixed with the explosive, such as in contaminated soil, this approach is not very effective. Other TNT detection methods have been developed to increase the sensitivity and selectivity. For example, a BODIPY-based chemosensor based on a colorimetric/fluorometric dual channel has been reported for RDX and PA (picric acid) [18]. Also, a fluorescent bleaching effect of amine functionalized carbon quantum dots for the TNT detection and a flexible chemiresistive sensor based on a polyaniline coated filter paper have been reported for fast and non-contact detection of nitroaromatic explosives [19,20]. Additionally, the use of a smartphone or computer vision-based portable system has been reported to quantify the colorimetric responses [21,22]. Previous studies also include a portable, low-cost detection method that is easy to use b
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