Insights into mesoporous MCM-41-supported titania decorated with CuO nanoparticles for enhanced photodegradation of tetr
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Insights into mesoporous MCM-41-supported titania decorated with CuO nanoparticles for enhanced photodegradation of tetracycline antibiotic Morteza Khanmohammadi 1 & Javad Rahbar Shahrouzi 1 & Farhad Rahmani 2 Received: 4 March 2020 / Accepted: 16 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this research, tetracycline photodegradation under UV light was investigated over bare TiO2 and a series of MCM-41 supported CuO-TiO2 heterojunctions varying in CuO content with the intent of exploring the effect of MCM-41 presence and especially, CuO addition. Several techniques including XRD, FESEM, EDX, DRS, BET, and PL were applied to characterize the physicochemical and photophysical properties of synthesized nanocomposites. It was found that the co-existence of MCM-41 and CuO enhances the surface dispersion of Ti species, leading to less number of agglomerates and smaller particle size of TiO2, which it promoted photophysical properties and reinforced the interaction of surface species with the support and thereby, the photosite leachings were lessened. However, the excessive loadings alleviate the synergetic effect of CuO due to the significant decrease of surface area, the appearance of more number of agglomerations, and surface coverage of MCM-41. The results revealed that CuO addition not only enhances the photocatalytic activity of TiO2/MCM-41 but also makes it reusable in further experiments. It was also observed that the highest photodegradation of tetracycline was obtained over TiO2-CuO/MCM-41 nanocomposite containing 5 wt% CuO. It is attributed to less electron-hole recombination, appropriate band gap, smaller number of agglomerations, and more uniform dispersion of photosites. Following the obtained results, a possible reaction mechanism was also proposed. Keywords TiO2/MCM-41 nanocomposite . CuO nanoparticles . Photocatalysis . Tetracycline . Water treatment
Introduction Pharmaceuticals are the main group of polar persistent organic pollutants which has recently attracted much attention because of its biological impacts, potential risks, and toxic effects on the aquatic environment (Doll and Frimmel 2005; Jeong et al. 2010; Liu et al. 2012; Nikolaou et al. 2007). Moreover, pharmaceuticals are continuously introduced into the environment at small concentrations as a result of the direct discharge of
Responsible Editor: Sami Rtimi * Javad Rahbar Shahrouzi [email protected] * Farhad Rahmani [email protected] 1
Chemical Engineering Faculty, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, Sahand New Town, Tabriz, Iran
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 66177-15175, Sanandaj, Iran
animal wastewater, the discharge of effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), landfill leachates, and urban runoff (Benotti et al. 2008; Daghrir and Drogui 2013; RiveraUtrilla et al. 2013). Among pharmaceutical compounds, tetracycline (TC) is one of the primary antibiotic groups which is wi
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