Enhanced Biosynthesis Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) for their Antifungal Activity Toxicity against M
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RESEARCH PAPER
Enhanced Biosynthesis Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) for their Antifungal Activity Toxicity against Major Phyto-Pathogens of Apple Orchards H. Ahmad 1 & K. Venugopal 1 & A. H. Bhat 2 & K. Kavitha 3 & A. Ramanan 4 & K. Rajagopal 5 & R. Srinivasan 4 & E. Manikandan 1,6,7,8 Received: 1 June 2020 / Accepted: 27 October 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
ABSTRACT Purpose The present study made an attempt to develop copper nanoparticles (Cu-NP) with antifungal property using green synthesis method. Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) botanically synthesized using Neem leaf extract (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) were characterized by using different techniques like; UV–visible spectrophotometry, FTIR, XRD, SEM and TEM. Methods Materials were chosen the disease free and fresh Azadirachta indica A. Juss were collected and identified at Center of Biodiversity and Taxonomy. The plant samples were vigorously washed with distilled water then shade dried
* H. Ahmad [email protected] * E. Manikandan [email protected] 1
Department of Biotechnology, Vels Institute of Science Technology & Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Pallavarm Chennai, Tamil Nadu (TN) 600117, India
2
Division of Plant Pathology, SK University of Agriculture Science and Technology Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir 190006, India
3
Department of Microbiology, Madras Christian College (MCC), Tambaram Chennai, TN 600059, India
4
Tamil Nadu State Council for Science & Technology (TNSCST), DOTE Campus Chennai, TN 600025, India
5
Department of Botany (Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology) Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda College, Chennai, India
6
Department of Physics, Thiruvalluvar University College for Arts & Science (TUCAS), Thennangur, (Affiliated: Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore), Thennangur, Tamil Nadu 604408, India
7
UNESCO-UNISA AFNET in Nanosciences/Nanotechnology, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa, Muckleneuk Ridge PO BOX 392, Pretoria, South Africa
8
Avanz Bio Private Ltd., East Tambaram, MES Road, Near to MCC College Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600059, India
followed by sterilization with 0.1% mercuric chloride for 20 s and again it was washed with distilled water. 15 g powder form of plant material was added to 200 ml double distilled, CO2 free and deionized water and kept in shaker at 80°C and 1500 rpm for six hours. After agitation, the extract was separated by regular centrifugation at 10,000 rpm followed by filtration by using whatmann filter paper. The final volume of 100 ml of supernatant was collected as pure extract and stored in cool place for further use. Results The final results confirm a significant inhibition of CuO-NPs for the test fungi. Additionally, CuO-NPs demonstrated an enhanced effect when combined with Neem leaf extract. A total of 20–30% improvement in activity was noticed after combination, which correlates with commonly used synthetic fungicides. The toxicity results reveal that A. indica extract and their combined fractions w
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