Insilico Study of Earthworm CCF1 Peptides in Earthworm
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Insilico Study of Earthworm CCF1 Peptides in Earthworm Shyamasree Ghosh1,2 Accepted: 2 January 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The earthworms are known to possess a robust immune system that can combat pollutants and pathogens to which they are constantly exposed in their environment (Ghosh in Environ Sci Pollut Res 25:6196, 2018). Amongst the different components of its immune system, the coelomic cytolytic factor (CCF-1), is an important molecule that plays active role in immune system in earthworm and is of pharmaceutical importance, however its role in immune defence is not known. Reports suggest that CCF-1 has lytic role like human TNF-α, with role in hemolysis, bacterial and tumor cell lysis (Bilej et al. in Immunol Lett 45(1–2):123–128, 1995; Hua et al. in Pharm Biol 49:269–275, 2011) and lysis of Trypanosoma cruzi (T cruzi) thereby activating the prophenoloxidase pathway (Olivares Fontt et al. in Dev Comp Immunol 26(1):27–34, 2002). They have been reported to reveal convergent evolution with human TNF-α (Beschin et al. in Nature 400(6745):627–628, 1999). Due to its such important functions, even though it obtained from primitive organism like earthworm, CCF-1 finds importance both as an innate immune molecule conferring earthworm immunity and is of probable therapeutic importance and forms the object of the current study. In this study insilco approaches and molecular modelling was adopted to explore properties, structure and predicted cellular signaling network that would be affected based on the predicted functions of CCF1 being a vital innate immune molecule of earthworm. Keywords CCF1 · Earthworm · TNF
Introduction The earthworms belonging to the Class Oligochaeta, Phylum Annelida under Invertebrata are known as the farmer’s friends and finds importance as natural tillers of the soil increasing the soil fertility. Although they are constantly exposed to the pollutants and the pathogens, their strong and highly complex immune including cells and molecules enable their successful survival even in polluted soils. We have earlier reviewed the earthworm immune system (Ghosh 2018). Coelomic fluid of earthworms Eisenia foetida (E. foetida 2) with property of lysing different mammalian tumor cell lines, but differing from the cytolytic activity from tumor * Shyamasree Ghosh [email protected]; [email protected] 1
School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
2
necrosis factor (TNF) was identified almost a decade back. The Coelomic cytolytic factor (CCF) was isolated from coelomic fluid by ion exchange chromatography (IEC) and later used to raise antibodies which were then used to prepare immunoaffinity columns for the purification of a CCF-1 revealing molecular weight of 42 kDa (Bilej et al. 1995). Much progress has been seen technologically, since 2011, with the application of ultrafiltration, gel chromatograp
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