The transcriptome of anterior regeneration in earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The transcriptome of anterior regeneration in earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae Sayan Paul1 · Subburathinam Balakrishnan1 · Arun Arumugaperumal1 · Saranya Lathakumari1 · Sandhya Soman Syamala1 · Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami2 · Sudhakar Sivasubramaniam1 Received: 31 July 2020 / Accepted: 28 November 2020 © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The oligochaete earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae is capable of regenerating both anterior and posterior segments. The present study focuses on the transcriptome analysis of earthworm E. eugeniae to identify and functionally annotate the key genes supporting the anterior blastema formation and regulating the anterior regeneration of the worm. The Illumina sequencing generated a total of 91,593,182 raw reads which were assembled into 105,193 contigs using CLC genomics workbench. In total, 40,946 contigs were annotated against the NCBI nr and SwissProt database and among them, 15,702 contigs were assigned to 14,575 GO terms. Besides a total of 9389 contigs were mapped to 416 KEGG biological pathways. The RNASeq comparison study identified 10,868 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and of them, 3986 genes were significantly upregulated in the anterior regenerated blastema tissue samples of the worm. The GO enrichment analysis showed angiogenesis and unfolded protein binding as the top enriched functions and the pathway enrichment analysis denoted TCA cycle as the most significantly enriched pathway associated with the upregulated gene dataset of the worm. The identified DEGs and their function and pathway information can be effectively utilized further to interpret the key cellular, genetic and molecular events associated with the regeneration of the worm. Keywords Transcriptome · Eudrilus eugeniae · Anterior regeneration · Annotation · Enrichment
Introduction Regeneration is an astonishing phenomenon by which the organisms can regain or restore their amputated or lost body parts [1]. The phenomenon of regeneration is widespread within the animal kingdom including the cnidarians, platyhelminthes, annelids, mollusks and chordates, whereas the regeneration capacity varies greatly within the animals [1]. The previous literature studies have outlined that the regeneration capacity and the evolution of species are Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s1103 3-020-06044-8. * Sudhakar Sivasubramaniam [email protected] 1
Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu 627012, India
Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
2
disproportionate to each other [2, 3]. The invertebrate species like hydra and planaria can regenerate the entire body from their amputated part [4, 5]. The primitive vertebrates like urodele amphibians, anuran amphibians and teleost fish can regenerate only substantial parts but not the entire or
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