Integrated Management of Polluted Soils for Enhancing Productivity and Quality of Crops
Soil quality is severely affected due to contamination with salts, toxic metals, non-metals and organic pollutants generated from mainly urban and industrial activities and therefore needs to be managed appropriately for sustaining agricultural productivi
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Abstract
Soil quality is severely affected due to contamination with salts, toxic metals, non-metals and organic pollutants generated from mainly urban and industrial activities and therefore needs to be managed appropriately for sustaining agricultural productivity. Deterioration in soil quality in the polluted agricultural land can be ascertained through measurement of different physical, chemical and biological indicators. While salts affect crop productivity by degrading rhizosphere environment, heavy metals express toxicity on plant growth and on activities of agriculturally important microflora and fauna and also contaminate food. Although adverse effect of organic pollutants in soil on plant growth and produce quality has not been found significant, these are reported to affect soil microbe activity and therefore are required to be decontaminated. The role of different agricultural operations on countering the adverse effects of soil pollution has been discussed, and different soil and crop management, tillage, nutrient management, water management and soil conservation measures have been suggested for improving productivity of crops, quality of food and environment. Keywords
Integrated management Soil quality Organic pollutants Remediation
J.K. Saha (*) Division of Environmental Soil Science, Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal 462038, India e-mail: [email protected] A.S. Rao Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal 462038, India B. Mandal Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, India
Crop
Pollution
Heavy metals
Introduction During the course of civilization and in the context of crop production, soil management objectives and technologies have evolved considerably. Before green revolution period, it aimed mainly to ease tilling of land for facilitating seed sowing, conservation of water in the land and in some cases
R.K. Gaur and P. Sharma (eds.), Approaches to Plant Stress and their Management, DOI 10.1007/978-81-322-1620-9_1, # Springer India 2014
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restoration of soil productivity using organics. During and after green revolution period, soil management objectives were reoriented towards augmenting food production per unit area of land for feeding the increasing population, and technologies were developed towards increasing supply of nutrients (mainly through fertilizers) and water to crop plant and intensive tillage operations to facilitate root growth of crops for absorption of water and nutrients. Hence, soil management research focussed on the improvement in the native soil fertility through enhancement of organic matter status, biological activity and physical conditions using integrated nutrient management and integrated soil management technologies (NAAS 2012). However, due to increased humanspecific activities after industrial revolution like mining, fossil-fuel-based energy production, industrialization and synthesis of xenobiotics for numerous uses, intentional and unintentional entry of different ch
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