Intramuscular injection of tetracycline decreased gut microbial diversity in mouse
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Intramuscular injection of tetracycline decreased gut microbial diversity in mouse Jia Liu1 · Xi‑chuan Deng1 · Xiao‑yu Li3 · Zhi‑bang Yang1 · Guang‑yuan Zhang1 · Ting‑ting Chen1,2 Received: 28 August 2020 / Accepted: 5 November 2020 / Published online: 22 November 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Antibiotics contribute a lot to human beings and can kill bacteria effectively. However, more and more studies show that antibiotics can disturb the intestinal microbial community. It has been widely reported that oral antibiotics can reduce the diversity of intestinal microflora, but the effect of intramuscular injection on intestinal microflora is less studied. In this study, we sequenced the intestinal microflora of mice treated with tetracycline by 16SrRNA method, and found that intramuscular injection of tetracycline (TET) can also reduce the intestinal microbial richness of mice. In addition, the results showed that within a certain range (3 mg), with the increase of TET injection concentration, the wind of intestinal microflora in mice decreased significantly. When the injection concentration reached saturation, although the amount of TET injection was increased, the degree of intestinal flora affected was not increased. The results showed that the degree of diversity decrease was in direct proportion to the amount of tetracycline injection in the saturated concentration, but not positively related to the high amount of TET injection after exceeding the saturated concentration.
* Ting‑ting Chen [email protected] 1
Pathogen Biology and Immunology Laboratory, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
2
Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
3
The Innovation Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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J. Liu et al.
Graphic Abstract
Introduction Antibiotics have been widely used for disease prevention and treatment of the human and animals (Yin et al. 2015). However, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has developed into a huge threat to global health (Kelly et al. 2019). Anti‑ biotic therapy has a significant impact on the composition of the gut microbiome, causing a considerable reduction in the taxonomic richness and diversity of the microbiota (Deth‑ lefsen et al. 2008; Dethlefsen and Relman 2011). The loss of diversity caused by antibiotic exposure can lead to the estab‑ lishment of chronic infections, as is the case with Clostrid‑ ium difficile and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE),
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and intestinal colonization of the latter is known to precede bloodstream infections in susceptible individuals (Buffie et al. 2012; Madan et al. 2012). Antibiotics can be deliv‑ ered by a variety of administration routes. The routes for the administration of antibiotics are mainly as following: oral delivery, inhalation, intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and topical admini
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