Recovery of gut microbiota in mice exposed to tetracycline hydrochloride and their correlation with host metabolism
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Recovery of gut microbiota in mice exposed to tetracycline hydrochloride and their correlation with host metabolism Wei Zhao1 Hanlu Hong1 Jinbao Yin ●
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Bing Wu1 Fuzheng Zhao1 Xu-Xiang Zhang1 ●
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Accepted: 16 November 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Antibiotics can disturb the gut microbial community and host metabolism. However, their recovery after antibiotics exposure needs to be characterized, and the correlation between gut microbiota and host metabolism remains unclear. In this study, mice were exposed to 0.5, 1.5 and 10 g/L tetracycline hydrochloride (TET) for 2 weeks, then recovered without TET for another 2 weeks. The results showed that 2-week TET exposure changed microbial community and functions in the mouse gut, and increased abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), especially in the 10 g/L TET group. After a 2-week recovery, these changes could only be recovered to the control level in the 0.5 g/L TET exposure group, except for ARGs. Besides gut microbiota, TET exposure also changed metabolic profiles in mouse urine. The 2-week recovery significantly reduced changes in metabolic profiles. Some altered metabolites were found to have a very high correlation with gut microbial community and functions, indicating that TET exposure might induce certain changes in urinary metabolic profiles by altering the gut microbiota. The results from this study suggest that the influences of low-level TET exposure are reversible, except for ARGs, which should be paid more attention. During the application of TET, their dosage should be effectively considered and controlled. Keywords Tetracycline Recovery Gut microbiota Antibiotic resistance gene Metabolic profiles ●
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Introduction Antibiotics as agents that either kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms have been widely used on livestock and poultry for disease treatment and prevention (Gustafson and Bowen 1997). Antibiotics are always exposed by oral administration, indicating that gut microbiota is one of their targets. Gut microbiota is an important pool of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The use of antibiotics provides a selective pressure in animal intestines, which may lead to an increase in the abundance of ARGs, which could act as opportunistic pathogens or as donors of resistance genes to
Supplementary information The online version of this article (https:// doi.org/10.1007/s10646-020-02319-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Jinbao Yin [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
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other bacteria (de Vries et al. 2011; Salyers et al. 2004). Horizontal transfer of ARGs is usually associated with large mobile genetic elements (MGEs) including plasmids, integrons, and insertion sequences (Ciric et al. 2011; Frost et al. 2005). Recent researches on diverse and abundant of ARGs in farm animal intesti
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