Genetic Variability, Diversity and Interrelationship for Twelve Grain Minerals in 122 Commercial Pearl Millet Cultivars
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FULL-LENGTH RESEARCH ARTICLE
Genetic Variability, Diversity and Interrelationship for Twelve Grain Minerals in 122 Commercial Pearl Millet Cultivars in India M. Govindaraj1 • O. P. Yadav2,3 • B. S. Rajpurohit2 • A. Kanatti1 K. N. Rai1 • S. L. Dwivedi1
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Received: 14 August 2019 / Accepted: 27 February 2020 Ó NAAS (National Academy of Agricultural Sciences) 2020
Abstract Pearl millet contributes to the major source of dietary calories and essential micronutrients intake among rural populations in certain regions of India as its grains are more nutritious than other cereals. The aims of this investigation were to profile cultivar nutrition, diversity and interrelationship for grain minerals (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, S, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Mo and Ni) among 122 pearl millet hybrids and open-pollinated varieties in India. Trials were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications at two locations (Patancheru and Mandor) representing two major cultivation zones. The grain minerals in cultivars exhibited two- to- four-fold variation. Positive and significant correlations were noted among different minerals. A higher magnitude of positive and significant association between Fe and Zn (r = 0.71, P \ 0.01) and with other minerals suggested the existence of greater genetic potential for the concurrent improvement of Fe and Zn without lowering the other grain minerals in pearl millet. The first two principal components accounted for 49% of variation. Euclidian distancebased cluster analysis grouped the 122 cultivars into seven clusters. Cluster I had higher mean for Fe (56 mg kg-1) and Zn (49 mg kg-1), in which ICTP 8203, Ajeet 38, Sanjivani 222, PAC 903 and 86 M 86 were identified as rich sources of iron, zinc and calcium with considerable levels of other nutrients. About 65% of cultivars for iron and 100% of cultivars for zinc have met the minimum standards set forth by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research. This indicates the feasibility of breeding nutrient-rich hybrids with competitive yields through mainstreaming in future. Keywords Biofortification Correlation Hybrid Micro-nutrient Malnutrition
Introduction
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s40003-020-00470-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. & M. Govindaraj [email protected] 1
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Telangana 502 324, India
2
ICAR - All India Coordinated Pearl Millet Improvement Project, Mandor, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342 304, India
3
ICAR - Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342 003, India
Pearl millet [(Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.)] is a staple food crop grown in marginal arid and semi-arid tropical regions of Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. The crop is of prime importance among the poor and low-income groups since it contributes substantially to food and nutritional security in dry regions worldwide [3]. The pearl millet grains, when compared to maize, r
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