Introducing an irrigation water quality index (IWQI) based on the case study of the Dwarka River basin, Birbhum, West Be
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(2020) 6:86
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Introducing an irrigation water quality index (IWQI) based on the case study of the Dwarka River basin, Birbhum, West Bengal, India Raju Thapa1 · Srimanta Gupta2 · Harjeet Kaur1 Received: 2 October 2019 / Accepted: 7 September 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The assessment of groundwater for irrigation was a crucial step towards sustainable water resource management. Traditionally, irrigation water suitability was carried out by assessing several irrigation parameters individually. In this research, an attempt was made to develop a new irrigation water quality (IWQI) index by integrating various irrigation water suitability parameters i.e., sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Magnesium Adsorption Ratio (MAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Exchangeable sodium ratio or Kelly ratio (KR), Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP), total hardness (TH), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Permeability index (PI) and fluoride (F−). A stretch of the Dwarka River basin was selected as a type area for this research. Water sample collection, analysis followed by classification of water parameters into five different classes, and assigning weights and ranks were the principal methodologies adopted for the building up of the Irrigation water quality index (IWQI). The order of abundance of anions in the study area was H CO3− > Cl− > CO3−2 > SO42− > F− and cation are +2 + +2 + Ca > Na > Mg > K . A total of 607 water samples were collected and the computed IWQI with respect to the present study reveals that 95.38% (579 samples) of the total water sample were suitable for irrigation whereas the remaining 4.61% (28 samples) of the total sample show unsuitability for irrigation. Nawapara, Junidpur, Chakpara, Bhelian were among the most polluted village. Outcomes of the present study can be a first-hand tool to the policymakers, planners, and government officials for sustainable water resource management in the study area. Keywords Groundwater quality · Irrigation suitability · Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) · Dwarka River Basin · India
Introduction The demand for portable and irrigation water is ever increasing due to continuous population expansion and industrialization and limited availability of groundwater and surface water resource makes the scenario worse exponentially (Keesari et al. 2016). Intensive irrigation using groundwater increases the risk of both quantity and quality degradation Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-020-00450-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Srimanta Gupta [email protected] 1
Geo‑Meteorological Risks Management Division, National Institute of Disaster Management, Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India, New Delhi, India
Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104, India
2
of groundwater resources (Foster 1995). The demand for production is increasing by compelling farmers
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