Introduction to Biometrical Genetics
In the second edition of Biometricai Genetics, which appeared in 1971, we set out to give a general account of the subject as it had developed up to that time. Such an account necessarily had to be comprehensive and reasonably detailed. Although it could
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Introduction to
Biometrical Genetics KENNETH MATHER C.B.E., D.Sc., F.R.S.
Professor of Genetics in the University of Birmingham (Formerly Vice-Chancellor and Professor of Genetic. in the University of Southampton)
JOHN L. JINKS D.Sc., F.lnst. Bioi., F.R.S.
Professor and Head of Department of Genetics in the University of Birmingham
LONDON CHAPMAN AND HALL
First published 1977 by Ozapman and Hall Ltd 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE © 1977 K. Mather and J. L. Jinks
Set by Hope Services, Wantage and printed in Great Britain at the University Printing House, Cambridge ISBN-13: 978-0-412-15320-4 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-3387-6 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4613-3387-6 This title is available in both hardbound and paperback editions. The paperback edition is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent,re-sold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher's prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted, or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher
Contents Preface 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
page
vii
The I. 2. 3. 4.
genetical foundation Continuous variation The genic basis Assaying the chromosomes Locating the genes
1 4 10 14
The 5. 6. 7.
biometrica1 approach The manifestation of polygenic systems Genetic analysis and somatic analysis Biometrical genetics
21 25 29
Additive and dominance effects 8. Components of means 9. Testing the model 10. Scales II. Components of variation: F 2 and back-crosses 12. Generations derived from F 2 13. The balance sheet of genetic variability 14. Partitioning the variation
32 35 42 47 51 57 59
Diallels 15. The principles of diallel analysis 16. An example of a simple diallel 17. Undefined diallels 18. An example of an undefined diallel
68 72 85 90
Genic interaction and linkage 19. Non-allelic interaction 20. Interaction as displayed by means 2I. Variances and covariances 22. Correlated gene distributions: linkage 23. Diallels
99 104 111 116 124
Contents
vi 6.
Interaction of genotype and environment 24. Genotype x environment interaction 25. Two genotypes and two environments 26. A more complex case 27. The relation of g to e 28. Crosses between inbred lines 29. Variance of F 2
130 134 138 144 151 157
7.
Randomly breeding populations 30. The components of variation 31. Human populations 32. The use of twins 33. Experimental analysis 34. Complicating factors 35. Heritability
163 171 174 183 191 195
Genes and effective factors 36. Estimating the number of segregating genes 37. Consequences of linkage: effective factors 38. Other sources of estimates
199 202 207
Conclusion 39. Designing the experiments 40. Concepts and
