Introduction to the Physics of Matter Basic atomic, molecular, and s

This book offers an up-to-date, compact presentation of basic topics in the physics of matter, from atoms to molecules to solids, including elements of statistical mechanics. The adiabatic separation of the motion of electrons and nuclei in matter and its

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Nicola Manini

Introduction to the Physics of Matter Basic Atomic, Molecular, and Solid-State Physics

Undergraduate Lecture Notes in Physics

Undergraduate Lecture Notes in Physics (ULNP) publishes authoritative texts covering topics throughout pure and applied physics. Each title in the series is suitable as a basis for undergraduate instruction, typically containing practice problems, worked examples, chapter summaries, and suggestions for further reading. ULNP titles must provide at least one of the following: • An exceptionally clear and concise treatment of a standard undergraduate subject. • A solid undergraduate-level introduction to a graduate, advanced, or nonstandard subject. • A novel perspective or an unusual approach to teaching a subject. ULNP especially encourages new, original, and idiosyncratic approaches to physics teaching at the undergraduate level. The purpose of ULNP is to provide intriguing, absorbing books that will continue to be the reader’s preferred reference throughout their academic career.

Series editors Neil Ashby Boulder, CO, USA William Brantley Greenville, SC, USA Michael Fowler Charlottesville, VA, USA Michael Inglis Selden, NY, USA Heinz Klose Oldenburg, Niedersachsen, Germany Helmy Sherif Edmonton, AB, Canada More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8917

Nicola Manini

Introduction to the Physics of Matter Basic Atomic, Molecular, and Solid-State Physics

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Nicola Manini Department of Physics University of Milan Milan Italy

ISSN 2192-4791 ISSN 2192-4805 (electronic) Undergraduate Lecture Notes in Physics ISBN 978-3-319-14381-1 ISBN 978-3-319-14382-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-14382-8 Library of Congress Control Number: 2014958570 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media