Investigation of Azospirillum brasilense Inoculation and Silicon Application on Corn Yield Responses
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Investigation of Azospirillum brasilense Inoculation and Silicon Application on Corn Yield Responses Fernando Shintate Galindo 1,2 & Paulo Humberto Pagliari 3 & Willian Lima Rodrigues 1 & Maikon Richer de Azambuja Pereira 1 & Salatiér Buzetti 1 & Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto Teixeira Filho 1 Received: 19 February 2020 / Accepted: 22 July 2020 # Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo 2020
Abstract New management practices are needed to help improve the inoculation efficiency of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). The use of silicon (Si) combined with PGPB can be a useful and sustainable strategy to enhance cereal development under tropical conditions. This research was developed to investigate inoculation methods with Azospirillum brasilense combined with Si application as a soil amendment in corn. The effects of Si application and A. brasilense inoculation on plant development and yield were tested on corn for two consecutive years. The study was set up in a Rhodic Hapludox under a no-till system in a completely randomized block design with four replicates. Treatments were tested in a full factorial design (triple factorial 4 × 2 × 2) and included (i) 4 inoculation methods (control, seed, in-furrow, and leaf), (ii) two lime sources (calcium and magnesium silicate and dolomitic limestone), and (iii) two study years (2015/2016 and 2016/2017). Our results showed that seed and infurrow inoculation were more effective in promoting corn development and greater yield, with an increase of 10.6 and 7.3% in corn grain yield, respectively. Silicate application combined with seed inoculation increased shoot N uptake and root biomass. Also, Si application increased leaf chlorophyll index, stem diameter, and had similar effects on soil properties compared with limestone. Our results showed positive effects on corn growth and productivity as a result of inoculation, while the potential benefits of Si use were less evident. Keywords Zea mays L. . Inoculation methods . Beneficial element . Plant nutrition . Plant growth-promoting bacteria . Calcium and magnesium silicate
1 Introduction The use of biological agents, such as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), to improve plant tolerance to stress could improve cereal grain yield in tropical regions (Galindo et al. 2018, 2019a; Martins et al. 2018). Several PGPB genera show association with different plant species of agricultural importance, such as Azospirillum, Arthobacter, Azotobacter, * Fernando Shintate Galindo [email protected] 1
Department of Plant Protection, Rural Engineering and Soils, São Paulo State University, Avenida Brasil, 56 - Centro, Ilha Solteira, SP CEP: 15.385-000, Brazil
2
Rua Monção, 830, Ilha Solteira, SP CEP: 15.385-000, Brazil
3
Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Southwest Research and Outreach Center, 23669 130th, St. Lamberton, MN 56152, USA
Bacillus, Burkholderia, Clostridium, Gluconacetobacter, Herbaspirillum, Pseudomonas, and Streptomyces (Zeffa et al. 2018). The Azospirillum spp. is consi
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