Isolation and Identification of Hepatitis Contagiosa Canis Virus (Hcc Virus) from an Enzootic Outbreak in a Dog Kennel
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From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Veter-lnary College of Norway, Oslo.
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF HEPATITIS CONTAGIOSA CANIS VIRUS (HCC VIRUS) FROM AN ENZOOTIC OUTBREAK IN A DOG KENNEL By
Finn Saxeqaard SAXEGAARD, FINN: Isolation and identification of Hepatitis coniaqiosa canis virus (HCC virus) lrom an enzootic outbreak in a dog kennel. Acta vet. scand. 1972, 13, 3/2-380. -- Using a continuous cell line of canine kidney (MDCK-cell line) cells, RCC virus was isolated from 4 of 6 puppies affected in an outbreak of the disease in a dog kennel. The virus was most easily, and rapidly, isolated in primary cultures from the liver samples, but also from other organs such as the spleen and lung, although isolation from these organs could require 1 or 2 passages in addition to the primary culture. Attention is therefore drawn to the necessity of using a sufficient number of passages when organs other than the liver are available. Among the bacteria identified in addition to the virus infection, were Staphylococcus aureus, Bordetella bronchiseptica and streptococci. Emphasis is made on the significance of isolation and identification of the virus in pure culture, thus enabling its various properties to be studied in detail, and possible new serotypes to be recognized. can inc h epa tit is\' i r us; can i n e kid n e y c e I I lin e.
According -to Rubarlh (1947) and Bruner & Gillespie (1966) HCC usually occurs sporadically but may assume an enzootic character in dog kennels with a high mortality rate, especially in young puppies. Although Green &: Shillinger, as early as in 1934, described infectious canine hepatitis in detail in experimentally infected dogs, Rubarth, after extensive investigation of 190 naturally infected dogs, first introduced the name "Hepatitis contagiosa canis (HCC) ", by which the disease is now generally
Hepatitis contagiosa canis virus
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known. Since then, Rubartb:s pathological and serological investigations have primarily formed the basis for the diagnosis of the disease. Macroscopically, the most characteristic findings are a swollen, light-coloured liver with a distinct lobular structure, and a marked subserous edema of ,th e gall bladder. Microscopically, the salient lesions are centrolobular liver necrosis and intranuclear inclusions in the liver cells, the endothelial cells of the sinusoids and the van Kupffer cells. These histopathological lesions are considered pathognomic for HCC. In order to confirm the diagnosis of HCC serologically Rubarth (1947) developed the complement fixation test (CFT), using the liver from infected dogs as antigen. He also found the CFT to be useful in detecting antibodies in dog sera, an investigation which was extended by Lehnert (1948) and later confirmed by Mansi (1955). In 1957 Mansi developed the gel precipitation test for the diagnosis of the disease. In 1954 Muller &: Thordal-Christensen cultivated the virus in explants of testicular tissue from puppies, and Cabasso et al. (1954) cultivated it in dog kidney cell cultures. In 1
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