Isolation of Cultivable Bacteria Associated with the Root of Typha latifolia in a Constructed Wetland for the Removal of
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Isolation of Cultivable Bacteria Associated with the Root of Typha latifolia in a Constructed Wetland for the Removal of Diclofenac or Naproxen Ana Laura Zapata-Morales & Ma. Catalina Alfaro-De la Torre Alejandro Hernández-Morales & Ramón F. García-De la Cruz
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Received: 14 April 2020 / Accepted: 15 July 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract In this work, we designed at the level of microscale, subsurface flow wetlands planted with Typha latifolia, and used to remove diclofenac and naproxen from solutions that contained them. The wetlands were operated for 105 days with a hydraulic residence time (TRH) of 5 days. In these conditions, the removal efficiencies for diclofenac and naproxen were 98.4% and 97.7%, respectively. Moreover, we identified cultivable bacteria associated with the roots of plants exposed to either diclofenac or naproxen. We obtained 898 isolates that clustered in 9 morphotypes from the roots of Typha latifolia exposed to diclofenac, and 563 isolates grouped in 7 morphotypes, in the case of naproxen. All isolates were identified by 16S ribosomal sequencing. The BLASTn analysis indicated that 16 morphotypes showed an identity higher than 95%
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04781-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. A. L. Zapata-Morales : M. C. Alfaro-De la Torre (*) : R. F. García-De la Cruz Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava No.6, Zona Universitaria, C.P, 78210 San Luis Potosí, Mexico e-mail: [email protected] A. Hernández-Morales Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Zona Huasteca, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Romualdo del Campo 501, Fraccionamiento Rafael Curiel, C.P. 79060, Ciudad Valles, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
with the 16S rDNA gene of bacteria belonging to the genus Pseudomonas. Biochemical characterization based on plant growth-promoting activities suggests that bacteria contribute to plant growth in the wetland conditions. The results indicate that Typha latifolia and bacteria associated with their roots removed diclofenac and naproxen in subsurface flow wetlands. Keywords Subsurface flow wetlands . Pharmaceuticals removal . Typha latifolia . Bacterial isolates
1 Introduction Diclofenac and naproxen are two anti-inflammatories that in many countries (like Mexico) do not require a prescription to be consumed. Both drugs are non-volatile, slightly soluble in water, and have low capacity to be absorbed by the soil, which is why most of the occasions are detected in water effluents and not in soil or sediments. Trace concentrations of diclofenac and naproxen have been detected in treated municipal and industrial wastewater, indicating that conventional methods for treating wastewater do not eliminate these contaminants and, therefore, are inefficient (Camacho Muñoz et al. 2012). Acute exposure to these compounds does not cause toxic effects on biota. However, chronic exposure may have sublethal ef
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