Kinetics of Formation and Decomposition of Natural Gas Hydrates in Synthesis from Shaped Ice
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ESSES AND APPARATUSES OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY
Kinetics of Formation and Decomposition of Natural Gas Hydrates in Synthesis from Shaped Ice M. E. Semenova, *, A. P. Fedorovb, V. V. Koryakinaa, and I. K. Ivanovaa, b aInstitute
of Petroleum and Gas Problems, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk, 677980 Russia bNorth-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, 677000 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received October 10, 2018; revised April 1, 2019; accepted April 17, 2019
Abstract—The results of investigations into the kinetics of formation and decomposition of natural gas hydrates obtained from shaped ice using the thermocycling method are reviewed. These data make it possible to find the weight distribution, specific gas content, and features of decomposition of different hydrate shapes synthesized in a reactor. Keywords: natural gas hydrates, formation and decomposition kinetics, thermocycling DOI: 10.1134/S0040579520050206
INTRODUCTION One of the fundamentals of state politics of the Russian Federation in the Arctic is the necessity for essential growth in balancing resources and commencing operations on the exploration of oil-and-gas occurrences in the Russian Arctic [1]. Realizing this program demands solving the problem of associated petroleum gas (APG), as well as the storage and transportation of hydrocarbon raw [2]. One promising method to utilize APG is its transfer to the solid hydrate state followed by being stored in the depth of permafrost soils [3–5]. The most suitable method for producing hydrates under Arctic conditions is their synthesis from ice using the thermocycling method [6]. The feasibility of hydrate production from icy dust and gas has first been shown by R.M. Barrer and D.I. Ruzicka [7] because, in this case, there is the large area of the ice– gas surface contacting. It is found that the degree of conversion of finely grained ice particles 0.2–0.4 mm in size into a hydrate with no thermocycling method reaches 95% in 140 h [8, 9]. Features of the kinetics of formation of hydrates in ice melting are given in [10, 11]. Mechanisms of hydrate formation were investigated in detail by L.A. Stern et al. using optical methods of melting ice particles less than 0.25 mm in size [12, 13]. The thermocycling method to produce methane hydrates in sandy and clayey rocks was used by E.M. Chuvilin et al. [14, 15]. Currently, the kinetics of formation of hydrates of methane [16, 17], natural gas [18], carbon dioxide [19], and freon [20] from finely dispersed ice is being widely investigated. Methane hydrates are produced from ice particles 0.25–1.18 mm in size in a
cylindrical reactor with 350 cm3 in the inner volume for 80–100 h using a threefold decrease/increase cycle at a temperature from –6 to 0°C at 120 atm starting pressure until a constant value was attained. Practically the entire bulky ice was transferred into the hydrate state in such a way—the degree of ice-particle conversion to methane hydrate was 92%. However, producing and arranging the solid phase—finely dispersed ice particles—i
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