Nucleation of Gas Hydrates

This book introduces readers to experimental techniques of general utility that can be used to practically and reliably determine nucleation rates. It also covers the basics of gas hydrates, phase equilibria, nucleation theory, crystal growth, and interfa

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Nucleation of Gas Hydrates

Nucleation of Gas Hydrates

Nobuo Maeda

Nucleation of Gas Hydrates

123

Nobuo Maeda Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Mining and Petroleum Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada

ISBN 978-3-030-51873-8 ISBN 978-3-030-51874-5 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51874-5

(eBook)

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

To Hiroshi Maeda who showed me the way.

Preface

Nucleation is intrinsically an interfacial phenomenon. Classical nucleation theory is based on nucleation work of cluster formation that arises from the interfacial free energy. This feature is compounded in the nucleation of gas hydrates due to their unique attributes. It is therefore not obvious how best to introduce an enormously complex subject of nucleation of gas hydrates. The basic approach I ended up adopting in writing this monograph was the principle of Occam’s razor—keep it as simple as possible but not simpler. Abinitio considerations were employed where appropriate to minimize the number of underlying assumptions on which our subjects are built. Also, effort was made to describe relevant concepts as simple as possible so that the readers would be able to intuitively grasp the essence of the conceptual ideas but not so simple that the descriptions would become inaccurate. Richard Feynman once remarked that he would consider that he has understood an equation when he could guess its answer without actually solving it. The first two chapters are of general utility and applicable to nucleation phenomena of any system. Chapter 1 introduces classical nucleation theory and its underlying conceptual ideas. Cha