Knowledge Mapping for Bioterrorism-Related Literature
This chapter describes major Knowledge Mapping techniques and how they are used for mapping bioterrorism-related literature. The invisible college, which consists of a small group of highly productive and networked scientists and scholars, is believed to
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CHAPTER OVERVIEW This chapter describes major Knowledge Mapping techniques and how they are used for mapping bioterrorism-related literature. The invisible college, which consists of a small group of highly productive and networked scientists and scholars, is believed to be responsible for the growth of scientific knowledge. By analyzing scholarly publications of these researchers using select content analysis, citation network analysis, and information visualization techniques, Knowledge Mapping helps reveal this interconnected invisible college of scholars and their ideas. This chapter outlines the important techniques used in Knowledge Mapping, presents how these techniques are used for mapping bioterrorism-related literature, and shows some findings related to the productivity status, collaboration status, and emerging topics in the bioterrorism domain. Keywords: Knowledge mapping; Invisible college; Bioterrorism-related literature
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INTRODUCTION
In Diane Crane’s seminal book on “Invisible Colleges: Diffusion of Knowledge in Scientific Communities” (Crane, 1972), she suggests that it is the *
Artificial Intelligence Lab, Department of Management Information Systems, Eller College of Management, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA, [email protected]
D. Zeng et al. (eds.), Infectious Disease Informatics and Biosurveillance, Integrated Series in Information Systems 27, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6892-0_14, © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011
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“invisible college,” a small group of highly productive scientists and scholars, that is responsible for the growth of scientific knowledge. Crane shows that many scientific disciplines go through similar stages of initiation, growth, expansion, maturation, and decline. The productive scientists and scholars form a network of collaborators in promoting and developing their fields of study. The presence of an invisible college or network of productive scientists linking separate groups of collaborators within a research area has been evident in many studies (Chen, 2003; Shiffrin and Börner, 2004). “Knowledge Mapping,” which is based on content analysis, citation network analysis, and information visualization, has become an active area of research that helps reveal such an interconnected, invisible college or network of scholars and their seminal publications and ideas. According to Chaomei Chen in his Mapping Scientific Frontiers book (Chen, 2003), Knowledge Mapping helps “depict the spatial relations between research fronts, which are areas of significant activity. Such maps can also simply be used as a convenient means of depicting the way in which research areas are distributed and conveying added meaning of their relationships… By using a series of chronically sequential maps, one can see how knowledge advances. Mapping scientific frontiers involves several disciplines, from the philosophy and sociology of science, to information science, scientometrics, and information visualization.” Two forces are contributing to the rapi
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