l -Glutamine and Physical Exercise Prevent Intestinal Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Without Improving Gastric Dysmot
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
L-Glutamine
and Physical Exercise Prevent Intestinal Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Without Improving Gastric Dysmotility in Rats with Ulcerative Colitis Raisa de Oliveira Santos,1 Geovane da Silva Cardoso,2 Lara da Costa Lima,2 Mickael Laudrup de Sousa Cavalcante,3 Mariana Sousa Silva,3 Ana Karolina Martins Cavalcante,4 Juliana Soares Severo,1 Francisca Beatriz de Melo Sousa,5 Gabriella Pacheco,5 Even Herlany Pereira Alves,5 Lívia Maria Soares Nobre,4 Jand Venes Rolim Medeiros,3 Roberto Cesar Lima-Junior,4 Armênio Aguiar dos Santos,4 and Moisés Tolentino 1,2,3,6
(Received September 3, 2020; accepted October 12, 2020)
Abstract— The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of glutamine supplementation or exercise on gastric emptying and intestinal inflammation in rats with ulcerative colitis (UC). Strength exercise consisted of jump training 4 × 10 repetitions/5 days a week/8 weeks with progressive overload. Endurance exercise consisted of swimming without overload for a period of 1 h a day/5 days a week/8 weeks. Another group (sedentary) of animals was supplemented with L-glutamine (1 g/kg of body weight) orally for 8 weeks before induction of UC. Colitis was induced by intra-colonic administration of 1 mL of 4% acetic acid. We assessed gastric emptying, macroscopic and microscopic scoring, oxidative stress markers, and IL-1β, IL-6, and (TNF-α) levels. The UC significantly increased (p < 0.05) the gastric emptying compared with the saline control group. We observed a significantly decrease (p < 0.05) in body weight gain in UC rats compared with the control groups. Both exercise interventions and L-glutamine supplementation significantly prevented (p < 0.05) weight loss compared with the UC group. Strength and endurance exercises significantly Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-020-01361-3. 1
Graduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil 2 Laboratory of Exercise and Gastrointestinal Tract – Department of Physical Education, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil 3 Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil 4 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil 5 Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaiba, PI, Brazil
6
To whom correspondence should be addressed at Laboratory of Exercise and Gastrointestinal Tract – Department of Physical Education, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected]
Abbreviations CNS, Central nervous system; GLP-1, Glucagon-like peptide 1; IL, Interleukin; MDA, Malondialdehyde; MPO, Myeloperoxidase; Nox, Nitrite plus nitrate; NTS, Nucleus tractus solitarius; SAL, Saline; SOD, Superoxide dismutase; TBARS, Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TLRs, Toll-like receptors; TNBS, 2,4
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