Dietary flaxseed oil and fish oil ameliorates renal oxidative stress, protein glycation, and inflammation in streptozoto
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Dietary flaxseed oil and fish oil ameliorates renal oxidative stress, protein glycation, and inflammation in streptozotocin–nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats Nivedita M. Jangale & Prasad P. Devarshi & Sneha B. Bansode & Mahesh J. Kulkarni & Abhay M. Harsulkar Received: 10 August 2015 / Accepted: 17 March 2016 # University of Navarra 2016
Abstract Protective and prophylactic effects of omega3 fatty acids on oxidative stress and inflammation are well known. We assessed beneficial effects of flaxseed oil and fish oil on streptozotocin (65 mg/kg; i.p.)–nicotinamide (110 mg/kg; i.p.) induced diabetic rats by studying renal expression of antioxidant and inflammatory genes. Diabetic rats given 10 % flaxseed oil or 10 % fish oil diet for 35 days showed significant decrease in renal lipid peroxidation. Flaxseed oil diet resulted in upregulation of renal superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) (activity and expression) and glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) expression. Furthermore, both diets upregulated catalase (CAT) (activity and expression) and down-regulated heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. Both diets were able to limit the renal advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation and reduced receptor of AGE (RAGE) protein expression significantly. Expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and NF-κB p65 subunit were down-regulated significantly by N. M. Jangale : A. M. Harsulkar (*) Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Poona College of Pharmacy, Erandwane, Pune, Maharashtra 411038, India e-mail: [email protected] P. P. Devarshi Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, Maharashtra 411043, India S. B. Bansode : M. J. Kulkarni Proteomics Facility, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
flaxseed oil or fish oil diet. The histological tubular injuries were also lowered by both diets. These results suggest that dietary ω-3 fatty acids may slow the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) associated with oxidative stress, glycation, and inflammation in the kidney. Keywords Diabetes . Flaxseed oil . Fish oil . Kidney . Glycation . Streptozotocin
Introduction Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disorder with complex pathogenesis and has many complications associated with it. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most frequent cause of end-stage renal diseases [22]. DN is a progressive complication of diabetes and is characterized by proteinuria, accumulation of glomerular extracellular matrix (ECM), and impairment of renal function [15]. An earlier report indicates that death rate of diabetic patients due to renal failure is approximately 17 times higher than that of non-diabetic patients; however, virtually, no satisfactory therapy is available to address this peculiar condition [35]. The principle factor involved in pathophysiologic alterations of T2DM is chronic exposure to high levels of blood glucose. One of the most important pathologies in T2DM is through e
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